In this paper, the dependence spaces are discussed for textural formal concepts considering method given by Ma et al. A complete congruence on a lattice is an equivalence relation if it satisfies infinite substitution property. More generally, join-dependence and meet-dependence space with respect to domain of discourse presented. Using duality in textures, closure interior operators defined ob...

In this paper we present a new proposal for defining actual causation, i.e., the problem of deciding if one event caused another. We do so within the popular counterfactual tradition initiated by Lewis, which is characterised by attributing a fundamental role to counterfactual dependence. Unlike the currently prominent definitions, our approach proceeds from the ground up: we start from basic p...

Dependence modelling plays a crucial role within internal credit risk models. The theory of copulae, which describes the dependence structure between a multi-dimensional distribution function and the corresponding marginal distributions, provides useful tools for dependence modelling. The difficulty in employing copulae for internal credit risk models arises from the appropriate choice of a cop...

ion. It is not illogical to advocate that a clearly defined generic concept of power (or dependence) be used to develop lowand/or medium-level generalizations rather than highly abstract ones.'7 In short, there is a difference between defining a concept and applying it. The concept of dependence: 1568-1968 Conventional usage is a basic reference point for evaluating scientific concepts accordin...

Brain networks are increasingly understood as one of a large class of information processing systems that share important organizational principles in common, including the property of a modular community structure. A module is topologically defined as a subset of highly inter-connected nodes which are relatively sparsely connected to nodes in other modules. In brain networks, topological modul...

Several computational and mathematical features of the h-p cloud method are demonstrated in this paper. We show how h, p and h-p adaptivity can be implemented in the h-p cloud method without traditional grid concepts typical of finite element methods. The mathematical derivation of an a posteriori error estimate for the h-p cloud method is also presented. Severalnumerical examples illustrate th...

Research on mathematics education has shown that learners' actions can influence how they think and vice versa. Much of this work has been rooted in the use of manipulatives, gestures, and body movements. Our article dissects the mechanisms that underscore the impact of embodied activities and applies this lens to explore how to harness the affordances of new technology to enhance mathematical ...

Ricci scalar is the key ingredient of non-Newtonian theory of gravity, where space-time geometry has a crucial role. Normally, it is supposed to be a geometrical field, but interestingly it also behaves like a physical field. Thus it plays dual role in the arena of gravitation. This article is an overview of the work related to dual roles of the Ricci scalar. A scalar is a mathematical concept ...

Strengthening institutions in spot and derivative markets for commodities is a necessary ingredient of the liberalisation process in agriculture, and can impact upon the lives of millions. In this paper, we describe the existing market design prevalent on both the spot and the futures markets. We show some evidence on the role played by the nascent futures markets in price discovery. We documen...

Fixed mobile convergence (FMC) will be one of the strongest trends in telecommunications in the near future. Given the choice, most consumers would want to use a single handset yet do not want to pay the premium when at home or in the office. Even though seamless network integration will still take some time to become reality, there are many convergence opportunities that are currently being ex...