The thiols in the morning urine of 224 employees of a chemical plant were determined after alkaline hydrolysis of all urinary thioethers. The highest thioether excretion was found in rubber workers and radial tyre builders in comparison with clerks, plastic monomer mixers and footwear preparers. Smoking and medication tended to increase thioether excretion. Urinary thioether determination may p...

1. The proposal for this guideline was submitted by the United States. The concept of the upand-down testing approach was first described by Dixon and Mood (1)(2). In 1985, Bruce proposed to use an up-and-down procedure (UDP) for the determination of acute toxicity of chemicals (3). There exist several variations of the up-and-down experimental design for estimating an LD50. This guideline is b...

Scientific Events: Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods: Grants for War Research to the University of Cincinnati; The Supply of Technical Men to the A Rapid Method for the Determination of Nitrogen Armed Forces and to Industry; Bare Chemicals; in Plant Tissue: DR. R. C. LINDNER and C. P. The Inter-American Program of the American HARLEY..... 565 Standards Association; Fellowships in the ...

For determination of possible neurotransmitters synthesized by photoreceptor cells, turtle retinas were dissociated into single cells with proteolytic enzymes. These cells were partially separated by velocity sedimentation to yield a fraction rich in photoreceptors. Individual photoreceptor cells were then sucked into a micropipette and incubated with labeled precursors of known or suspected ne...

Intoxication as a result of chemical accidents is a major issue in industrial health. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) provides a framework for hazard communication on chemicals using labelling or safety data sheets. The GHS will be expected to reduce the number of chemical accidents by communicating the hazards posed and prompting safety measure...

BACKGROUND Biomonitoring studies are conducted to assess internal dose (i.e., body burden) to environmental chemicals. However, because of the ubiquitous presence in the environment of some of these chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA), external contamination during handling and analysis of the biospecimens collected for biomonitoring evaluations could compromise the reported concentrations of ...

In vitro estimating strategies for potential neurotoxicity are required to screen multiple substances. In a previous study, we showed that exposure to low-concentrations of some chemicals, such as organotin, decreased the expression of GluR2 protein, which is a subunit of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, and led to neuronal vulnerability...

Assessment and quantification of the risk that a chemical will induce allergic contact sensitization presently depend heavily on background data from animal tests. Following the banning of animal testing of chemicals used in cosmetics and personal products in Europe after 2013, alternative approaches will be required. The chemical properties likely to make a given compound a sensitizer can be d...