We prove some conditions on the existence of natural boundaries of Dirichlet series. We show that generically the presumed boundary is the natural one. We also give an application of natural boundaries in determining asymptotic results.

Question: In the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, does it make a difference in terms of how much energy is scattered by snow crystals, whether or not they have a particular orientation in regards to each other? Put in another way, in calculating the amount of energy that is transferred from the ground, through the snowpack, can it be assumed that all of the crystals in a snowp...

When it launches next spring CloudSat, a component of the A-Train formation of satellites, will carry the first millimeter wavelength cloud radar in space. In addition to its stated objective of making a global survey of cloud microphysical properties, the CloudSat 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) is also well-suited to the problem of determining the distribution of light rain and snow that c...

Research on effects of key weather stimuli influencing waterfowl migration during autumn and winter is limited. We investigated relationships between changes in relative abundances of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and other dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) and weather variables at midlatitude locations in North America. We used waterfowl survey data from Missouri Conservation Areas and temperature and...

In this paper, a partial coherent approach is used to study the third and fourth Stokes parameters in passive microwave remote sensing of Sastrugi snow surface over layered snow structures. The incoherent part of the model consists of using radiative transfer theory for the snow layers. The coherent part of the model is using numerical solutions of Maxwell equations to derive the bistatic scatt...

In this study a new analytical formulation for electromagnetic wave scattering from rough boundaries interfacing inhomogeneous media is presented based on the first-order approximation of the small perturbation method. First, we considered a scattering problem for a single rough boundary embedded in a piecewise continuously layered medium. As a key step, we introduced auxiliary wave propagation...

Hydronic heating systems that circulate a heated fluid through pipes embedded in a bridge deck or roadway may be used to eliminate or reduce dangerous driving conditions caused by snow and ice. The first important task in sizing such a system is determining the required heat flux. Current guidance in the ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook for required surface heat fluxes is based on a one-dimens...