We show that Bayesian population reconstruction, a recent method for estimating past populations by age, works for data of widely varying quality. Bayesian reconstruction simultaneously estimates age-specific population counts, fertility rates, mortality rates, and net international migration flows from fragmentary data, while formally accounting for measurement error. As inputs, Bayesian recon...

OBJECTIVE To compare treatment effects from randomised trials conducted in more developed versus less developed countries. DESIGN Meta-epidemiological study. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (August 2012). DATA EXTRACTION Meta-analyses with mortality outcomes including data from at least one randomised trial conducted in a less developed country and one in a more devel...

  Poverty is a multi-dimensional problem and various researchers, based on their field, have investigated different aspects of poverty. Moreover, poverty, as a global problem, could be an interesting subject for both developed and developing countries. In recent decades, both international org...

Single crystals consisting various surface morphologies and epitaxial structures were applied to investigate the effect of other phase regions in the vicinity of a given tethered chains-covered area having a certain molecular weight of amorphous brushes. The designed experiments demonstrated that regardless of the type of surface morphology (patterned and especial mixed-brushes, homo and co...

T he main purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the impact of tourism on air pollution in selected developed and developing countries during the period of 1995-2014. To this end, at first, the model was designed based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) assumptions and with the presence of the major influencing factors on air pollution along with the international ...