Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. Approximately 75% of persons suffering from type 1 diabetes develop retinopathy, while approximately 50% of persons with type 2 diabetes may develop retinopathy, and approximately 25% of persons with diabetes may develop macular edema [1]. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is...

We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology of cystoid macular edema (CME). Inflammatory, diabetic, post-cataract, and macular edema due to age-related macular degeneration is described. The role of chronic inflammation and hypoxia and direct macular traction is evaluated in each case according to different views from the literature. The different diagnostic methods for evaluating...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a common and serious disorder. A search of the literature reveals no comprehensive quantitative assessment of the association between insulin use and incidence of diabetic macular edema. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the effect of insulin use on the risk of developing macular edema. MATERIAL/METHODS Comparative stu...

Introduction Over the last one decade the management of diabetic macular edema has undergone a paradigm change. This is attributed to the newer diagnostic tests and pharmacological agents. There are enough good randomized controlled trials to prove the efficacy of these drugs. However, in clinical practice, there are many situations where the application of the findings of these clinical trials...

PURPOSE to evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILM stained with infracyanine green (IfCG) in 26 patients with diabetic macular edema, and to identify which factors are associated with a better postoperative visual outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS 26 patients with diabetic macular edema were included in the study. A pars plana vitrectomy with...