Introduction: Diagnostic reference level (DRL) is a useful tool for the promotion of optimization. The national DRLs (NDRLs) are useful, brief, and robust guidelines for optimizing radiation protection in a country. The aim of this study was to extract the local DRLs (LDRLs) for some common radiologic examination in Sabzevar county. Materials and Methods: There are eight radiology departments ...

Background:In diagnostic radiology lead apron, are usually used to protect patients and radiology staff against ionizing radiation. Lead apron is a desirable shield due to high absorption and effective attenuation of x-ray photons in the diagnostic radiology range.Objective: Although lead aprons have good radiation protection properties, in recent years, researchers have been looking for altern...

Introduction: Microdosimeters are helpful for dose equivalent measurement in unknown radiation fields. The favorable physical and mechanical properties of the detector-grade chemical vapor deposition diamond materials have made the diamond microdosimeters suitable candidate for radioprotection applications in space. The purpose of this work is the investigation of the dose equivalent response o...

We treat transformation properties of external radiation fields in the proper frame of a plasma moving with constant speed. The specific spectral energy densities of external isotropic and accretion-disk radiation fields are derived in the comoving frame of relativistic outflows, such as those thought to be found near black-hole jet and gammaray burst sources. Nonthermal electrons and positrons...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the exposure to electric fields and magnetic fields of non-ionizing radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (15 Hz to 100 kHz) in the dwellings of children from the Spanish Environment and Childhood-"INMA" population-based birth cohort. METHODOLOGY The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort. Out of 300 boys participating in the 9-10 year follow-up, 123...

high temperatures are often encountered in almost all of the combustion systems, therefore, thermal radiation heat transfer can influence the droplets heat up rate and consequently their life time. in this paper, the effect of thermal radiation heat transfer is investigated for two cases of directional and spherically symmetric illuminations. the flow and temperature fields insdie and outside o...