Diversity in nomenclature and on-going dilemmas over the conceptual bases for the classification of voice disorders make it virtually impossible for the collation and accurate comparison of evidence-based data across different clinical settings. This has significant implications for treatment outcome studies. The first aim of this study was to develop a modified diagnostic classification system...

OBJECTIVE The validity of the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and related chronic fatigue states remains controversial, particularly in psychiatry. This project utilized international epidemiological and clinical research data to test construct validity across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. Relevant demographic, symptom and diagnostic data were obtained from 33...

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of musculoskeletal conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or joints, the masticatory musculature, or both. These conditions are typically characterized by pain in the pre-auricular area that is usually aggravated by chewing or other jaw function and is often accompanied, either singly or in combination, by limitation of jaw ...

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable diagnostic test to identify functional disturbances in brain activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of EEG as a diagnostic indicator of intracranial diseases in horses. The validity of EEG was estimated by comparing clinical, clinicopathologic, and histopathologic findings to EEG findings in 20 horses examined for seizures. coll...

BACKGROUND This observational study was designed to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic validity of Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) in subjects with bilateral disc displacement with reduction and in subjects with bilateral normal disc position. METHODS The reliability of selecting the traces was assessed by reading the same traces at an interval of 30 days. The reliability of the vibration...

We review the empirical evidence for the validity of the Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) diagnosis, the vast majority of which has come from research conducted within the last 10 years. After reviewing three different guidelines to establish diagnostic validity, we conclude that considerable converging evidence supports the inclusion of DID in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ...

OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC) remains problematic because of the heterogeneity of its clinical, immunological, and imaging characteristics. Our aim was to develop and assess a new set of diagnostic criteria for NCC, which might allow for the accurate detection of, and differentiation between, parenchymal and extraparenchymal disease. METHODS A group of Latin American NCC...

Information distortion is a cognitive bias in sequential diagnostic reasoning. Assumptions about the diagnostic validity of later evidence are distorted in favor of the leading hypothesis. Therefore the bias contributes to a primacy effect. Current parallel constraint satisfaction models account for order effects and coherence shifts, but do not explain information distortion. As an alternative...

Purpose. To analyze the diagnostic validity of accommodative and binocular tests in a sample of patients with a large near exophoria with moderate to severe symptoms. Methods. Two groups of patients between 19 and 35 years were recruited from a university clinic: 33 subjects with large exophoria at near vision and moderate or high visual discomfort and 33 patients with normal heterophoria and l...