in this paper, the removal of phenol by using aqueous solution in a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. the effect of feed pressure, feed concentration, feed flow rate and feed ph on phenol rejection was investigated. the results showed that feed ph is the most affective parameter on the phenol rejection. rejection of phenol increased with increasing ph from 2 to 10 under th...

Although icodextrin solution has been highlighted in the fluid management compared to glucose-based solutions, proof of a beneficial effect of icodextrin solution on residual renal function (RRF) is lacking. We conducted a multicenter prospective randomized controlled open-label trial to investigate whether icodextrin solution can preserve RRF.One hundred patients with urine volume ≥750 mL/day ...

BACKGROUND Diffusive clearance depends on blood and dialysate flow rates and the overall mass transfer area coefficient (K(o)A) of the dialyzer. Although K(o)A should be constant for a given dialyzer, urea K(o)A has been reported to vary with dialysate flow rate possibly because of improvements in flow distribution. This study examined the dependence of K(o)A for urea, phosphate and β(2)-microg...

Background: Hemodialysis is a process of removing waste and excess fluid from blood when kidneys cannot function efficiently. It often involves diverting blood to the filter of the dialysis machin to be cleared of toxic substances. Fouling of pores in dialysis membrane caused by adhesion of plasma protein and other toxins will reduce the efficacy of the filtre.Objective: In This study, the infl...

A significant fall in BP during dialysis, so-called intradialytic hypotension (IDH), is an important clinical problem. IDH is common, occurring in 15%–20% of treatments.1 IDH is often associated with distressing symptoms such as lightheadedness, weakness, muscle cramps, and nausea and vomiting. As could be imagined, reducing blood flow to vital organs, even transiently, is associated with a pan...

BACKGROUND Membranes with increasing pore size are introduced to enhance removal of large uremic toxins with regular hemodialysis. These membranes might theoretically have higher permeability for bacterial degradation products. In this paper, permeability for bacterial degradation products of membranes of comparable composition with different pore size was investigated with a new in vitro set-u...

BACKGROUND An on-line monitoring system for dialysis dose calculations could make it possible to provide an adequate dialysis dose that is consistently given to haemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to compare dialysis dose (Kt/V) using four different methods and their sensitiveness to a reduction in clearance. METHODS Six patients were monitored on-line with ultraviolet (UV)...

In this paper, we have tried to find a solution for quick transfer of nuclear wastes from pools of cool water to dry stores to reduce the environmental concerns and financial cost of burying atomic waste. Therefore, the rate of heat transfer from atomic waste materials to the outer surface of the container should be increased. This can be achieved by covering the bottom of the pool space with c...