Paradoxical therapy consists of suggesting that the patient intentionally engages in the unwanted behaviour such as performing compulsive ritual or wanting a conversion attack. In this study, the subjects were selected by the emergency unit psychiatrist from patients who were admitted to the emergency unit with pseudoseizure. The diagnoses was based on DSM-IV criteria. Paradoxical intention was...

NPY exerts anxiolytic effects, which are mediated by activation of Y1 receptors in the amygdala. It has been shown that diazepam counteracts the anxiogenic effect of Y1 receptor antagonists, suggesting that NPYergic and GABAergic systems are coupled in the regulation of anxiety. We used a transgenic mouse model, expressing a mouse Y1 receptor-beta-galactosidase fusion gene (Y1R/LacZ), to study ...

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) is a potent convulsant poison for which there is currently no approved antidote. The convulsant action of TETS is thought to be mediated by inhibition of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) function. We, therefore, investigated the effects of post-exposure administration of diazepam, a GABAAR positive allosteric modulator, on seizure activity, ...

The term transcranial route means the brain targeted transfer of drug molecules across the cranium through the layers of the skin and skin appendages of the head, arteries and veins of the skin of the head, the cranial bones along with the diploe, the cranial bone sutures, the meninges and specifically through the emissary veins. The administration of drugs through the scalp in ayurvedic system...

Rats were trained to discriminate between saline and either 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg of diazepam in a two-choice, discrete-trial avoidance procedure. Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam and pentobarbital occasioned dose-related increases in diazepam-appropriate responding in all four training dose groups. Increasing the training dose of diazepam from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg resulted in approximat...

Chronic treatment with the benzodiazepines is well known to produce tolerance, which has been extensively documented to be attributed to modifications in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission. However, literature data have also suggested the participation of different neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, in benzodiazepine tolerance. The purpose of the present s...

In the present study, the effects of caerulein and CCK receptor antagonist< on tolerance to the anti-pentylenetetrazol activity of diazepam has been studied. Different doses of diazepam (20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for a period of 6 days in order to induce tolerance to diazepam. 48 h after the last dose of diazepam, a test dose of diazepam was tested for...