A comprehensive comparison of positive matrix factorization (PMF) and molecular marker-based chemical mass balance (CMB-MM) modeling on PM2.5 source contributions was conducted for particulate matter measurements taken at Jefferson Street, Atlanta, Georgia (JST). The datasets used in each type of receptor modeling were different: CMB-MM used data of primarily organic tracers plus a couple eleme...

A method using thermal desorption sampling and analysis by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS) to measure long chain alkanes (C12–C18) and other larger organics associated with diesel engine exhaust emissions is described. Long chain alkanes undergo dissociative proton transfer reactions forming a series of fragment ions with formula CnH2n+1. The PTR-MS is insensitive to nalkanes...

In vitro studies with the organic extracts of diesel particles have suggested that hydrocarbons such as PAH may play a role in an inflammatory response, but these have been limited by the possible artifacts introduced in the particle collection and processing. In this study, we avoid these artifacts and use an activated carbon denuder to remove hydrocarbons from the exhaust stream to investigat...

Diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been widely applied as the efficient way to reduce the soot emissions from diesel engines. The oxidation of the accumulated soot layer in the particulate filter, known as DPF regeneration, plays a crucial role in the diesel engine operation. It is important to understand the characteristics and fundamentals of this process. A 2D timedependent diesel particula...

Nano-additives blended water-diesel emulsion fuel is the alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine that reduce the NOx emission and at the same time increase the brake thermal efficiency due to combined effect of nanoparticles and micro explosion phenomenon of water diesel emulsion. This review paper addresses emulsion, emulsion types, micro-explosion phenomenon of water-diesel emul...

The medical consultation rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) was analysed using Japan National Health Insurance records of Aichi Prefecture for May 1989. Data collected from 88 cities, towns and villages were tabulated and divided into five-year age groups. The standardized medical consultation rate (SMCR) of AR in each municipality was then calculated. It was found that SMCR of AR did not correlate...

Diesel exhaust has been suspected to be a lung carcinogen. The assessment of this lung cancer risk has been limited by lack of studies of exposed workers followed for many years. In this study, we assessed lung cancer mortality in 54,973 U.S. railroad workers between 1959 and 1996 (38 years). By 1959, the U.S. railroad industry had largely converted from coal-fired to diesel-powered locomotives...

A diesel particulate matter analyzer capable of direct, real-time measurement of engine exhaust particulate is necessary to effectively institute source control technology currently being used on diesel equipment and to ensure that the control measures are working. To investigate the potential of a differential pressure monitor to measure diesel particulate matter in undiluted exhaust, samples ...

The modeling of turbocharged diesel engine transient operation appeared in the early 1970s and continues to be in the focal point of research due to the importance of transient response in the everyday operating conditions of engines. Simulations of various levels of complexity have been used so far to study engine performance during transients. On the other hand, the very important issue of ex...

Methanol as a biofuel is an environmentally friendly substitute for pure diesel and can be obtained from biomasses. The use of biofuels such as methanol for the combustion process is associated with positive impacts on the environment. Using pure methanol or a blend of diesel/methanol fuel in motorized vehicles has been proposed by researchers. In this paper, pure methanol was injected into the...