There are a number of ways in which food can influence behaviour, including malnutrition, types of diet, eating habits, pharmacological effects, food allergy, fatty acid deficiency and possibly food additives. The range of behaviour affected is also wide, and includes attention, conduct disorder and mood. A particular focus of interest has been the effects of food on hyperactivity in children. ...

During the past decades there has been considerable interest in the use of dietary fibre in both animal and human nutrition. In human subjects dietary fibre has been studied intensively for possible effects on body-weight management and health. In animal nutrition the interest in dietary fibre has increased because it can be used as a cheap source of energy and because of its potential to impro...

Sustainable weight loss requires a shift in eating behaviour maintained over a long time period. Research in this area focuses on dietary patterns based on cuisines that emphasise intakes of common core foods or those that target specific nutrients, such as fat. This review examined the literature to identify evidence on dietary patterns that may be effective for sustained weight loss. Medline,...

The Fe-based superconductors (FBSs) are an important new class of superconducting materials. As with any new superconductor with a high transition temperature and upper critical field, there is a need to establish what their applications potential might be. Applications require high critical current densities, so the usefulness of any new superconductor is determined both by the capability to d...

382 ©2014 Society for Biomaterials

BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that cognitive ability is related to health and mortality. The cause of this relationship remains largely unknown. One plausible explanation is that cognitive ability is related to behaviours that affect health. This study investigates whether cognitive ability is related to healthy dietary habits, physical activity and appropriate bodyweight in adolescents an...

The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a behavioural theory that describes behaviour change as occurring in five stages, ranging from precontemplation to maintenance. The purpose of the present paper is to review and synthesise the literature published since 1999 on applications of the TTM to dietary behaviour so that the evidence for the use of assessment tools and interventions based on this mod...

OBJECTIVE We examined associations between snack frequency, sociodemographic characteristics, BMI, dietary and eating behaviour. In order to identify whether various subgroups of high-frequency snack consumers exist, we investigated underlying food patterns and lifestyle factors. DESIGN The data were based on the Swiss Food Panel Questionnaire of 2010, which included an FFQ, questions relatin...

Variation in behaviour, performance and ecology are traditionally associated with variation in morphology. A neglected part of this ecomorphological paradigm is the interaction between behaviour and performance, the ability to carry out tasks that impact fitness. Here we investigate the relationship between biting behaviour and performance (bite force) among 20 species of ecologically diverse b...