background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are multipotent cells, capable of differentiating into different cell lines.they can sense their surrounding biochemical and biophysical factors, which play major roles in their differentiation toward different phenotypes. therefore, the exposure of these cells to endothelial growth factor (vegf) as well as hemodynamic biomechanical forces, which act on...

NK cell development requires IL-15, which is "trans-presented" to IL-15Rβγ on NK cells by IL-15Rα on other cells. In this study, we report that different levels of IL-15 trans-presentation are required for different NK cell developmental events to reach full maturation status. Because the IL-15Rα intracellular domain has the capacity to recruit signaling molecules, we generated knockin and tran...

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a wide spectrum of mutations in the gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein. These mutations that correlate with different phenotypes, vary in their frequency and distribution in different populations. In this study missense mutation R117H that associated with the different clinical symptoms wa...

Donald E. Low1 and Gerald D. Wright2 1University of Toronto and 2McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and 1,2Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Despite legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) targeted at controlling the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, the farming industry commonly uses these drugs therapeutically, prophylactically, and/or for ...

There have been many published studies aiming to identify temporal changes in river flow time series, most of which use monotonic trend tests such as the Mann–Kendall test. Although robust to both the distribution of the data and incomplete records, these tests have important limitations and provide no information as to whether a change in variability mirrors a change in magnitude. This study d...