I believe that machine vision researchers have grossly underestimated the difficulty of the general problem ignoring the evidence from Psychobiology and Neuroscience. More than 20 years ago Bela Julesz wrote “In real-life situations, bottom-up and top-down processes are interwoven in intricate ways," and "progress in psychobiology is ... hampered ... by our inability to find the proper levels o...

Creating software that can understand the range of sketches that people produce is a challenging problem. One source of difficulty is that people often include textures in their drawings. This paper shows how to use Ising models, a technique from computer vision at the level of pixels, for decomposing digital ink into a hierarchy of edge-based structures that provide more concise qualitative re...

Strategic decision analysis on Supply Chain Management (SCM) involves tangible and intangible factors and it needs to be evaluated by interdependent multiple criteria. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a practical and popular decision-making tool for SCM. Interdependency among criteria becomes a source of difficulty in directly applying AHP to various SCM decision problems. Hence, the manager...

As a preliminary research of development of a comprehensive management tool for organizational sustainability, this paper discusses the difficulty of achieving organizational sustainability in today’s complex business environment. It explains why Analytic Network Process (ANP), a general form of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), is an appropriate approach to the project portfolio management for...

Considering the difficulty and complexity involved in choosing an agricultural aircraft, it is proposed to rank agricultural aircraft based on linguistic evaluations of their qualities. Aiming this, it is used an algorithm based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and in the Technique of Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The linguistic parameterization i...

Auditory information is processed in a fine-to-crude hierarchical scheme, from low-level acoustic information to high-level abstract representations, such as phonological labels. We now ask whether fine acoustic information, which is not retained at high levels, can still be used to extract speech from noise. Previous theories suggested either full availability of low-level information or avail...

Since the inception of the construct of transaction governance structure (TGS), transaction cost economics (TCE) has become an important anchor for the analysis of a wide range of economic and organizational issues. As theory of TCE advances, the perception of TGS has shifted from a polar classification (market/hierarchy) towards a continuum of market-hierarchy [17][20]. Despite the development...

A common goal for transfer learning research is to show that a learner can solve a source task and then leverage the learned knowledge to solve a target task faster than if it had learned the target task directly. A more difficult goal is to reduce the total training time so that learning the source task and target task is faster than learning only the target task. This paper addresses the seco...