Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) are important diffusion MRI techniques for detecting microstructure abnormities in diseases such as Alzheimer's. The advantages of DKI over DTI have been reported generally; however, the indistinct relationship between diffusivity and kurtosis has not been clearly revealed in clinical settings. In this study, we hypothesize tha...

The effect of the adatom surface diffusivity on the evolution of the microstructure and the intrinsic stress of thin metal films was investigated for the case of growth of polycrystalline Ag films on amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) and amorphous Ge (a-Ge) substrates, with high and low Ag adatom surface diffusivity, respectively. The surface diffusivity of the deposited Ag adatoms on the a-Ge substrate ...

White matter (WM) microstructural declines have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the pattern of WM microstructural changes in aMCI after controlling for WM atrophy is unknown. Here, we address this issue through joint consideration of aMCI alterations in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusi...

Water absorption, membrane swelling, and self-diffusivity of water in 1100 equivalent weight Nafion were measured as functions of temperature and water activity. Free volume per water at 80 °C, determined from water uptake and volume expansion data, decreases with water content in the membrane from 12 cm(3)/mol at λ = 0.5 H(2)O/SO(3) to 1.5 cm(3)/mol at λ = 4. The change in free volume with wat...

In this paper we establish conditions for the maximal, Pe, behavior of the effective diffusivity in time-periodic incompressible velocity fields for both the Pe oc and Pe 0 limits. Using ergodic theory, these conditions can be interpreted in terms of the Lagrangian time averages of the velocity. We reinterpret the maximal effective diffusivity conditions in terms of a Poincar6 map of the veloci...

OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the cingulum bundle, a long-range white matter tract mediating dorsal limbic connectivity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus controls. We hypothesised that cingulum bundle microstructure would be altered in ASD, based on evidence implicating abnormal white matter connectivity in t...

We collected MRI diffusion tensor imaging data from 80 younger (20-32 years) and 63 older (60-71 years) healthy adults. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis revealed that white matter integrity, as indicated by decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), was disrupted in numerous structures in older compared to younger adults. These regions displayed five distinct region-specific patterns o...

PURPOSE To investigate the microscopic diffusion properties of formalin-fixed breast tissue. METHODS Diffusion microimaging was performed at 16.4T with 40-μm isotropic voxels on two normal and two cancer tissue samples from four patients. Results were correlated with histology of the samples. RESULTS Diffusion-weighted images and mean diffusivity maps demonstrated distinct diffusivity diffe...

Abstract We consider random flights of point particles inside n-dimensional channels of the form R ×Bn−k , where Bn−k is a ball of radius r in dimension n −k. The sequence of particle velocities taken immediately after each collision with the boundary of the channel comprise aMarkov chain whose transition probabilities operator P is determined by a choice of (billiard-like) randommechanical mod...