The paper demonstrates the capability of developed phase transformation model to design cooling conditions in Stelmor process allowing for obtaining different types microstructures wire rod 32CrB4 steel. based on modified JMAK equation was using results tests conducted a DIL 805 A/D/T dilatometer. is composed sub-models ferritic, pearlitic, bainitic and martensitic transformations. Its predicti...

In the present study, isothermal decomposition of austenite to bainite in 1.0 wt% carbon, 0.21% silicon steel during partitioning step a quenching and (Q&P) heat treatment has been investigated dilatometer temperature range 200 350 °C compared conventional austempering treatment. The transformation was shortened by about 75% presence pre-existing martensite (QP). kinetics is described well-...

The influence of short-time heat treatment on the widely used and commercially available ledeburitic cold-work tool steel 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; AISI D2) is examined herein. Starting from a soft annealed initial condition, different austenitizing temperatures holding times metastable microstructural states after treatment/hardening investigated. experimental implementation in quenching dilatomete...

Bogie spring performance can be improved by using the exact heat treatment process parameters. The purpose of study is to determine critical transformation temperatures and investigate effect cooling rates on microstructural mechanical properties. precise determination required for particular grade steel important in order optimise heavy-duty compression helical manufacturing. A traditional sys...

A previous constitutive modeling for single-phase steels is extended using the mixing law to predict behavior of hot deformation in dual phase ferritic-austenitic intercritical zone Fe-C-Mn-Si alloys. Mixing considers two phases instead one, so one formula was modified. The constant’s values used represents average same conditions austenitic and ferritic model. amount each determined as functio...

In recent years, 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) doped with copper oxide has obtained increasing interest due to its enhanced superplasticity and good potential in tribological applications. In this work, the effect of addition of small amounts (0.8 mol%) of CuO on the sintering behaviour of 3Y-TZP was studied using a dilatometer and high temperature X-ray dif...

Crystallographic reconstruction of parent austenite grain boundaries from the martensitic microstructure in a wear resistant steel was carried out using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The present study mainly aims to investigate the parent austenite grains from the martensitic structure in an as-rolled (reference) steel sample and samples obtained by quenching at different cooling r...

In recent years, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) doped with copper oxide has obtained increasing interest due to its enhanced superplastisity and good potential in tribological applications. In this work, the effect of addition of small amounts (0.8 mol%) of copper oxide on the sintering behavior of 3Y-TZP was studied using a dilatometer and high-temperature X...

One possible reason for the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is its slight expansion upon setting. Both gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) are composed of approximately 75% Portland cement (PC). WMTA differs from GMTA in its lower content of tetracalcium aluminoferrite. This difference in composition may affect setting expansion...

Growth of Streptococcus faecalis in a complex medium was inhibited by xenon, nitrous oxide, argon, and nitrogen at gas pressures of 41 atm or less. The order of inhibitory potency was: xenon and nitrous oxide > argon > nitrogen. Helium appeared to be impotent. Oxygen also inhibited streptococcal growth and it acted synergistically with narcotic gases. Growth was slowed somewhat by 41 atm hydros...