Many political practitioners believe that voters are more likely to approve propositions listed at the top than the bottom of the ballot, potentially distorting democratic decision making, and this belief influences election laws across the United States. Numerous studies have investigated ballot order effects in candidate elections, but there is little evidence for direct democracy elections, ...

[1] Natural aerosol plays a significant role in the Earth’s system due to its ability to alter the radiative balance of the Earth. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model together with a radiative transfer model to estimate radiative effects for five natural aerosol sources in the present-day atmosphere: dimethyl sulfide (DMS), sea-salt, volcanoes, monoterpenes, and wildfires. We calcul...

Direct and Indirect Effects of Public Policies by Giacomo De Giorgi Chair: Richard Blundell This dissertation analyzes two im portant recent public policies and sheds light on the direct and indirect impacts of both; and more in general on the need of sound evaluations to carefully consider possible spillovers as a fundamental component of programs. In the first two essays I focus on the “New D...

This paper deals with the problem of identifying direct causal effects in recursive linear structural equation models. Using techniques developed for graphical causal models, we show that a model can be decomposed into a set of submodels such that the identification problem can be solved independently in each submodel. We provide a new identification method that identifies causal effects by sol...

We compute the effect of small-size instantons on the coefficient function of the chiral condensate in the operator product expansion of current-current correlators. Furthermore, we also compute the instanton corrections associated with four-quark and six-quark operators in the factorization approximation. We discuss the phenomenological implications of our result. CERN-TH.7483/94 IFUM 483/FT N...

BACKGROUND In humans, hemodynamic changes observed within minutes after systemic administration of furosemide are often referred to as direct vasoactivity. However, these immediate changes do not per se imply a direct vascular effect. We examined the genuine direct vascular effects of furosemide on the human forearm vascular bed and dorsal hand vein. METHODS AND RESULTS Forearm blood flow in ...

The recent article by Liu et al. [1] provided for highly stimulating and interesting reading. Interestingly, recent data suggests that fenofibrate may directly attenuate tumor growth in a number of systemic malignancies. For instance, fenofibrate is of benefit in mitigating tumor progression in prostatic malignancies. It has a negative impact on intercellular coupling via gap junctions between ...

DEMPSEY, PETER J., ZENA T. MCCALLUM, KENNETH M. KENT, AND THEODORE COOPER. Direct myocardial efects of angiotensin 11. Am. J. Physiol. 220(Z) : 477-481. 1971.-There still remains speculation concerning the existence of a direct effect of angiotensin II on ventricular myocardium. Evaluation has been complicated by the sensitivity of the peripheral circulation in intact preparations, reflex mecha...