A technique is described for multiple-path propagation time measurements in the surface layer of the atmosphere. This is based on solving simple bi-directional ray tracing equations on successively higher penetrating paths using propagation times for a short acoustic pulse. The scattering process from turbulence is shown to be capable of providing signals from which phase comparisons can be mad...

We extensively investigate in-plane light diffusion in systems with thicknesses larger than but comparable with the transport mean free path. By exploiting amplified spontaneous emission from dye molecules placed in the same holder of the sample, we obtain a directional probe beam precisely aligned to the sample plane. By comparing spatial intensity distribution of laterally leaking photons wit...

Abstract Reducing support structures in Material Extrusion (ME) of Additive Manufacturing enables lowered post-processing efforts and enhanced use industrial applications. This study provides a decision basis for multi-directional path planning strategy to print parts on multi-axis printers without the structures. Research solutions different limitations ME systems are examined. The combination...

let $g=(v, e)$ be a graph. by emph{directional labeling (ord-labeling)} of an edge $x=uv$ of $g$ by an ordered $n$-tuple$(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$, we mean a labeling of the edge $x$ such thatwe consider the label on $uv$ as $(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$ in thedirection from $u$ to $v$, and the label on $x$ as$(a_{n},a_{n-1},...,a_1)$ in the direction from $v$ to $u$. inthis paper, we study graphs, called emph{...

We present a mathematical model for network routing based on generating paths in a consistent direction. Our development is based on an algebraic and geometric framework for defining a directional coordinate system for real vector spaces. Our model, which generalizes graph st-numberings, is based on mapping the nodes of a network to points in multidimensional space and ensures that the paths ge...

the non-differentiability and implicit definition of boundary of production possibility set (pps) in data envelopment analysis (dea) are two important difficulties for obtaining directional characteristics, including different elasticity measures and marginal rates of substitution. also, imposing weight restrictions in dea models have some shortcomings and misunderstandings. in this paper we ut...

1.1 INTRODUCTION This paper gives a survey on additive Schwarz methods applied to the h and p versions of the boundary element method. We consider weakly singular and hypersingular integral equations, namely the single layer potential operator and the normal derivative of the double layer potential operator. That means we have to consider weak formulations of the form

In hybrid optical Multistage Interconnection Networks (MIN’s), optical signals are routed by electronically controlled switches using directional couplers. One important problem of these hybrid optical MIN’s is the path-dependent loss of the optical signal, which is directly proportional to the number of couplers, i.e., the number of switches through which the signal passes. In general, given t...

For finding a shortest path in a network the bidirectional A* algorithm is a widely known algorithm. An A* instance requires a heuristic estimate, a real-valued function on the set of nodes. The version of bidirectional A* that is considered the most appropriate in literature hitherto, uses so-called balanced heuristic estimates. This means that the two estimates of the two directions are in ba...

Advances in optical technology have increased the interest for multiprocessor architectures based on lightwave networks because of the vast bandwidth available. In this paper we propose a passive star multi-hop lightwave network called stack-Kautz, based on the Kautz graph. We show that this architecture is very cost-effective with respect to its resources requirements. We also propose control ...