the present study aims to investigate the relative effectiveness of different types of pragmatic instruction including two collaborative translation tasks and two structured input tasks with and without explicit pragmatic instruction on the production of apologetic utterances by low-intermediate efl learners. one hundred and fifty university students in four experimental groups and one control ...

Abstract People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because expressive speech act “congratulations” is not only way happiness share news. The present study investigates strategies Pakistani English as second language (ESL) learners British speakers under influence social distance...

A large body of literature has examined the role explicit teaching on L2 pragmatics. Previous research findings confirmed that a positive impact development learners’ pragmatic competence. Many studies attempt to explore efficacy instruction in improving pragmatics competence terms learners' speech acts requesting. However, little attention been focused request strategies young learners. This s...

This work considers the efficient coding of hyperspectral images. The shape-adaptive DCT is extended to the three-dimensional case. Both the 3D-SA-DCT and the conventional 3D-DCT are combined with either of two alternative techniques for coding the transform coefficients. The proposed schemes are compared with two state of the art coding algorithms, which serve as benchmarks, and are found to h...

Compliment response is among the most common speech acts used in everyday conversations. Recipients’ responses to compliments differ depending on distinct social variables, including power, degree of intimacy, distance, culture and gender. The current study investigates Responses (henceforth, CRs) Moroccan male female EFL learners based four topics (ability, character, possession appearance). T...

Discourse parsing is a challenging task in NLP and plays a crucial role in discourse analysis. To enable discourse analysis for Hindi, Hindi Discourse Relations Bank was created on a subset of Hindi TreeBank. The benefits of a discourse analyzer in automated discourse analysis, question summarization and question answering domains has motivated us to begin work on a discourse analyzer for Hindi...

alternative assessment approaches received considerable attention soon after a discontent with traditional, one-shot testing. these approaches, however, have been used only to improve learners’ linguistic ability despite communicative models of language which pointed that knowledge of language also involves pragmatic ability (bachman, 1990; bachman & palmer, 1996). the present study tries t...

Task variation is an integrative method aiming at the importance of learner-to-learner interactions in a wide range of learning contexts and fostering authentic use of language and meaningful communication. This study investigated the impact of task variation on the accuracy and complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ oral speech. In so doing, 80 intermediate EFL learners, majoring English at the I...