Immigrants and Unemployment in the European Community: From the Eyes of Natives This paper examines whether immigrants increase the likelihood of unemployment among native-born workers in the European Union. Earlier papers measure the presence of immigrants in the local labor market by computing the share of the foreigners in specific regions. This paper, instead, utilizes a unique feature of t...

Mobility in the Urban Labor Market: A Panel Data Analysis for Mexico ∗ We analyze mobility in urban Mexico between three labor market states: working in the formal sector, working in the informal sector, and not working. We use a dynamic multinomial logit panel data model with random effects, explaining the labor market state of each individual during each time period. The data is drawn from Me...

GENDER AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN PAY AND PROMOTION FOR NHS NURSES For many years the NHS has been subject to allegations that gender and racial discrimination are a feature of the internal labour market for qualified nurses. This paper examines this issue with regard to the promotion process using 1994 survey data. We start by rejecting the assumption of covariate exogeneity inherent in the ...

Subjective Discount Rates, Intergenerational Transfers and the Return to Schooling Using a dynamic programming model of schooling decisions, we investigate the relationship between subjective discount rates and the labor market ability (the discount rate bias) on a panel taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Given household human capital and Armed Forces Qualification tes...

This Discussion Paper is issued within the framework of IZA's research area ,QWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ RII /DERUU 0DUNHWVV DQGG (XURSHDQQ ,QWHJUDWLRQ Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)...

Discretionary Measures of Active Labor Market Policy: The German Employment Promotion Reform in Perspective This paper provides a preliminary assessment of recent reforms of German employment promotion policy. While several recent studies analyze the impact of measures of employment promotion for the case of Germany, no comparable study exists on the aggregate level, thus precluding any assessm...

This Discussion Paper is issued within the framework of IZA's research area 7KHH:HOIDUH6WDWHH DQG/DERUU0DUNHWVAny opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual in...

The concept of breakdown point was introduced by Hampel [Ph.D. dissertation (1968), Univ. California, Berkeley; Ann. Math. Statist. 42 (1971) 1887–1896] and developed further by, among others, Huber [Robust Statistics (1981). Wiley, New York] and Donoho and Huber [In A Festschrift for Erich L. Lehmann (1983) 157–184. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA]. It has proved most successful in the context of locat...