Water erosion causes severe soil damage in northern forests of Iran which is associated with different rut depths in skid trails. The aim of this study was to assess rutting and soil displacement on skid trails to mitigate water erosion. Therefore the research was carried out in eight parcels of district No 3 of Shafarood Forest in the North of Iran. In order to evaluate the amount of erosion i...

BACKGROUND Under-five mortality, which is the probability of a child dying before their fifth birthday, is of concern in Zambia as infant and child mortality rates are important social indicators. Displaced population in camps provide a basis for under-five mortality surveillance because detailed registration databases have been developed. Additionally, health data routinely collected on mortal...

BACKGROUND For more than forty years, episodes of violence in the Mindanao conflict have recurrently led to civilian displacement. In 2008, Medecins Sans Frontieres set up a mental health program integrated into primary health care in Mindanao Region. In this article, we describe a model of mental health care and the characteristics and outcomes of patients attending mental health services. M...

A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins all seas throughout vast range this species were analyzed. Median networks haplotypes constructed in study, combined with results reconstruction paleogeographic conditions, led to conclusion that emerged as a Pacific Ocean basin spread Europe south, populating system water bodies existed O...

This paper examines multidimensional poverty among forcibly displaced populations, using a gendered lens. Although past studies have explored in contexts, and others looked at the relation- ship between gender, none has brought together these three issues—multidimensional poverty, persons, gender. A tailored measure of is developed applied for refugees internally populations five Sub-Saharan Af...

Introduction Women and children account for a disproportionate morbidity burden among conflict-affected populations, and yet they are not included in global accountability frameworks for women's and children's health. We use Countdown to 2015 (Millennium Development Goals) health indicators to provide an up-to-date review and analysis of the best available data on Syrian refugees in Jordan, Leb...

BACKGROUND Complex humanitarian emergencies are characterised by a break-down of health systems. All-cause mortality increases and non-violent excess deaths (predominantly due to infectious diseases) have been shown to outnumber violent deaths even in exceptionally brutal conflicts. However, affected populations are very heterogeneous and refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and reside...

Conflict, displacement, food insecurity and poverty make affected populations more vulnerable to HIV transmission. However, the common assumption that this vulnerability necessarily translates into more HIV infections and consequently fuels the HIV/AIDS epidemic is not supported by data. Whether or not conflict and displacement affect HIV transmission depends upon numerous competing and interac...

number of ethnic conflicts in diverse regions 2~ of the world have forced millions of civilians to flee their homes and seek refuge in other areas of their country or in neighboring countries. This "epidemic" of population displacement has placed great burdens on both host countries and the international community as they struggle to provide protection and assistance. More than ever before, the...

The month of May 2015 marked the sixth year since the end of conflict in Sri Lanka. The cause of death, destruction and displacement, three decades of conflict has had a major impact on health, especially on mental health of those affected by forced displacement. Post-conflict regions of Sri Lanka has seen improvements in many areas, including resettlement of displaced populations and rebuildin...