Chalmers comments that “Hem&i accuses us of assuming that if the volunteers guessed correctly which group they were in that means that they knew, which is obviously not the case.” In the Methods section of Karlowski’s Journal of the American Medical Associarion (JAMA) paper [l] it is stated that “a questionnaire was submitted to each of the participants asking them to guess which substance they...

References 1 Scott, E.C. and Branch, G. (2003) Evolution: what’s wrong with ‘teaching the controversy’. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 499–502 2 Damman, C. et al. (2002) Discover Biology, Sinauer Associates 3 Audesirk, T. et al. (2003) Life on Earth, Pearson Education 4 Pruitt, N.L. et al. (2000) BioInquiry Learning System 1.0: Making Connections in Biology, John Wiley and Sons 5 National Research Coun...

Collaboration—literally a shared work—is always understood to carry with it some kind of sacrifice, a tradeoff between autonomy and synergy. In our collaborative relationships, we intensify the concessions we make to the demands of the social contract, and we voluntarily submit to norms of behavior and constraints on our freedom of action in order to gain the benefits of a group undertaking: a ...