We propose a simple theory for the longitudinal profile of channels incised by groundwater flow. The aquifer surrounding the stream is represented in two dimensions through Darcy’s law and the Dupuit approximation. The model is based on the assumption that, everywhere in the stream, the shear stress exerted on the sediment by the flow is close to the minimal intensity required to displace a san...

We propose a simple theory for the longitudinal profile of channels incised by groundwater flow. The aquifer surrounding the stream is represented in two dimensions through Darcy’s law and the Dupuit approximation. The model is based on the assumption that, everywhere in the stream, the shear stress exerted on the sediment by the flow is close to the minimal intensity required to displace a san...

Once dissolved uranium (U) from tailings deposits enters adjacent streams, subsequent downstream transport is affected by the rate at which U is immobilised in sediments, thereby lowering its concentration in stream water. For aqueous phases immobilisation includes adsorption onto sediments and suspended solids, as well as precipitation and co-precipitation as insoluble compounds, all mechanism...

Spatial autocorrelation is an intrinsic characteristic in freshwater stream environments where nested watersheds and flow connectivity may produce patterns that are not captured by Euclidean distance. Yet, many common autocovariance functions used in geostatistical models are statistically invalid when Euclidean distance is replaced with hydrologic distance. We use simple worked examples to ill...

The evolution-based stream clustering method supports the monitoring and change detection of clustering structures. This paper presented HUE-Stream which extends E-Stream and E-Stream++ by introducing a distance function, cluster representation and histogram management for the different types of clustering structure evolution. Compared with UMicro and LuMicro, HUE-Stream produces higher cluster...

In a modified reflexive spatial attention paradigm, when the cue and the target are at the same spatial location, processing of the target is faster when the cue and the target have different shapes compared to same (shape effect). Recent physiological findings suggest distinct population level encoding of shape in ventral versus dorsal cortical visual streams in monkeys. In human observers, we...

A reliable and effective in vitro differentiation system is described for the production of functional neutrophils from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. A three-step culture method was developed that enables abundant production and effective harvesting of mature neutrophils at high purity without sorting. Utilization of the OP9 stromal cell line, which does not produce macrophage colony stimula...

subalpine ecosystems are highly fragile as compared to biological andenvironmental factors. landslide is one of the ruinous upshots of this ecosystem. one of theimpressionable areas in the cause of natural factor is masoleh watershed in western alborzmt, (iran). in order to landslide hazard zonation, landslide index and frequency ratio methodbased on twelve causative factors such as slope, slop...