1 Multiple factors are known to influence tree seedling establishment, yet the degree to which these factors depend on each other and on spatial context is largely unknown. We examined the influence of herbaceous competition and water and nitrogen limitations on tree seedling establishment as functions of distance from trees (within-site spatial context) and site history (between-site spatial c...

There exists a bijection between one stack sortable permutations –permutations which avoid the pattern 231– and planar trees. We define an edit distance between permutations which is coherent with the standard edit distance between trees. This one-to-one correspondence yields a polynomial algorithm for the subpermutation problem for (231) avoiding permutations. Moreover, we obtain the generatin...

We present some new results on a well-known distance measure between evolutionary trees. The trees we consider are free 3-trees having n leaves labeled 0,...,n - 1 (representing species), and n - 2 internal nodes of degree 3. The distance between two trees is the minimum number of nearest neighbour interchange (NNI) operations required to transform one into the other. First, we improve an upper...

There exists a bijection between one stack sortable permutations –permutations which avoid the pattern 231– and planar trees. We define an edit distance between permutations which is coherent with the standard edit distance between trees. This one-to-one correspondence yields a polynomial algorithm for the subpermutation problem for (231) avoiding permutations. Moreover, we obtain the generatin...

Due to hybridization events in evolution, studying two different genes of a set of species may yield two related but different phylogenetic trees for the set of species. In this case, we want to measure the dissimilarity of the two trees. The rooted subtree prune and regraft (rSPR) distance of the two trees has been used for this purpose, and many algorithms and software tools have been develop...

There exists a bijection between one stack sortable permutations –permutations which avoid the pattern 231– and planar trees. We define an edit distance between permutations which is coherent with the standard edit distance between trees. This one-to-one correspondence yields a polynomial algorithm for the subpermutation problem for (231) avoiding permutations. Moreover, we obtain the generatin...

Damage to residual stand is unavoidable and it is one of the main important issues in the forest harvesting. Trees damage may occur in felling and skidding work phase or during skid trail construction. In any case, damage can be very serious to residual stand. Detailed study is necessary to find out the amount and severity of damage to trees; therefore district 14 of Kilesara in Guilan Province...