Since the development of distributed Bragg gratings, high resolution lithography and etching have been applied towards the concentration of light. The most important application of lithographically fabricated microcavities has been for the spectral control over laser emission. Here we describe the opportunities that arise from further miniaturization of laser cavities by using high index contra...

The paper analyses the operation of PT Bragg gratings when the dielectric material is considered to be both dispersive and nonlinear and gain and loss are saturable. The paper demonstrates the application of the nonlinear PT Bragg Grating as an optical logic gate and an optical switch.

The Eurasian badger (Meler meler) is considered to be a harvester rather than a hunter (Lruuk, l989), because its food usually consists of vegetables and small and easily captured animals, such as worms and insects, and it rarely captures mammals (Neal, l986). However, in the Doñ ana National Park of Mediterranean Spain the badger apparently behaves as a facultative specialist in the consumptio...

Photonic crystals are optical materials with an intricate three-dimensional structure that manipulates light in unusual ways thanks to multiple Bragg diffraction. The structure has the length scale of the order of the wavelength of light. In future, such crystals could steer light beams around tiny optical chips or be the heart of a new breed of efficient light emitters. An example of a photoni...

We propose and demonstrate a method to characterize waveguide loss using the spectral response of combinations of distributed Bragg reflectors. The method is independent of coupling efficiency and waveguide dispersion and does not require the introduction of bending loss into the device.

The proton transfer channel for the reaction of HBr + with HBr is investigated in a state-specific manner by preparing the reagent ion in a selected internal state by resonance-enhanced ionization (REMPI) and monitoring the disappearance of this ion by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). A rate constant for proton transfer of (6.7 + 1.6) × 10-10 cm3/s is found. The reaction of HBr + with HBr and ...

A 780-nm-band integrated tunable two-wavelength AlGaAs DBR laser with PN junction heaters was designed and fabricated. Tunable coherent THz wave generation in 0.8-1.2 THz using GaAs photomixers was demonstrated. Keywords-component; DBR lasers; two-wavelength lasers; tunalbe lasers; integrated optoelectoronics; THz-wave generation

A theoretical model for twoand three-section tunable DBR lasers is presented. The static tuning properties are studied in terms of threshold current, linewidth, oscillation frequency, and output power. Regions of continuous tuning are presented for three-section DBR lasers. We discuss different routes for continuous tuning, when the injection currents to the passive sections are varied, and the...

This paper discusses the issues involving the design and fabrication of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL’s). A review of the basic experimental structures is given, with emphasis on recent developments in distributed Bragg reflectors, gain media, as well as current and optical confinement techniques. The paper describes present VCSEL performance, in particular, those involving sel...