The secondary control layer of microgrids is often modelled as a multi-agent distributed system, coordinated based on consensus protocols. Convergence time algorithm significantly affects transient stability microgrids, due to changes in communication topology, switching generations (DGs), and uncertainty intermittent energy sources. To minimise convergence protocol, this work proposes multilay...

To enable more wide-scale exploitation of renewable energy sources (RESs), distributed generations (DGs) as in microgrids have gained prominence recently. This study describes the design, modeling, implementation, and operation a microgrid, which standalone hybrid power system has been installed for an education research laboratory. The unstable nature RESs results compatibility issues on DGs. ...

The high penetration of renewable Distributed Generators (DGs) in the Active Distribution Network (ADN) addition to its advantages brings great challenges for ADN, due their intermittent and uncertain generations. Increasing network flexibility using Soft Open Points (SOPs) is an effective solution overcome these challenges. However, SOP-based ADN may contain various or Controllable DGs (CDGs),...

Abstract In Active Distribution Network (ADN), T-connection transmission lines are formed when Distributed Generations (DGs) connected to rather than buses. the line with DG, pilot current differential protection loses selectivity due change of fault caused by T-type connection DG. Differential increases as much injected DG an external occurs, which results in maloperation. The impedance using ...

In this paper, the concept of secondary control is applied for voltage unbalance compensation in an islanded microgrid. The aim of the proposed control approach is to enhance the voltage quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). Unbalance compensation is achieved by proper control of distributed generators (DGs). The DGs control structure mainly consists of active and reactive power contro...

Recently, the penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) at medium and low voltages in utility networks is increasing in developed countries and takes special place for them worldwide. Due to the DGs advantages, including using of Renewable Energy which not polluting environment and has endless nature, the application of DGs can potentially reduce the need for traditional system expansion, cont...

In this paper, a very newly swarm optimization technique namely a dragonfly optimization algorithm (DFOA) is used to allocate and size the distributed generators (DGs) along distribution networks. The multi-objective function is adapted to reduce the total system power loss, decrease the cost of DGs and improve the voltage profile with the resolve of improving the operating performance. In addi...

This paper develops a new distributed secondary cooperative control scheme to coordinate distributed generators (DGs) in islanded microgrids (MGs). A finite time frequency regulation strategy containing a consensus-based distributed active power regulator is presented, which can not only guarantee the active power sharing but also enable all DGs’ frequencies to converge to the reference value w...

We consider a future self-organized energy community that is composed of “prosumer” households that can autonomously generate, store, import and export power, and also selfishly strive to minimize their cost by adjusting their load profiles using the flexibly of their distributed storage. In such scenario, the aggregate load profile of the selforganized community is likely to be volatile due to...