BACKGROUND The societal costs of problematic class A drug use in England and Wales exceed £15B; drug-related crime accounts for almost 90% of costs. Diversion plus treatment and/or aftercare programmes may reduce drug-related crime and costs. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of diversion and aftercare for class A drug-using offenders, compared with no diversion. ...

Using the unique dataset of banking transactions data that contains 236 million transactions of 1.7 million …rms, I identify "spacemen", short-lived special purpose entities created for cash ‡ow diversion purposes. I estimate diversion in Russia as 11.3% of GDP in 2003 and 13.1% of GDP in 2004 that corresponds to tax evasion 4.6%-5.0% and 5.4%-5.8% of GDP accordingly. Based on transfers to "spa...

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCUB) is a rare, aggressive variant of neuroendocrine nonepithelial tumor. The best treatment results are achieved by combined cystectomy and chemotherapy. Same as in urothelial bladder cancer, a question remains about the urinary diversion in locally advanced disease. Studies on surgical treatment of patients with SCCUB most often do not clearly sp...

Urolithiasis is a well-known and common late complication in patients with urinary diversion. Patients without urinary diversion lead to symptoms such as hematuria and ureteral colic, whereas stones in patients with urinary diversion tend to be asymptomatic and are often diagnosed incidentally during staging examinations of oncologic diseases. We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient wi...

In the past year, stories of Emergency Department (ED) crowding and ambulance diversion have entered Massachusetts headlines with increasing frequency. Hospitals throughout the state now report record numbers of hours on " diversion status, " unable to accept new ambulance arrivals because they are overwhelmed. When emergency responsiveness is threatened, public confidence in the entire health ...

Though rare, renal transplantation into a bowel containing urinary diversion is necessary in select clinical situations. Compared to renal transplant patients with functional native bladders, patients with urinary diversion have comparable long-term graft and patient survival rates. However, compounding the increased risk of malignancy in those on chronic immunosuppression are the inherent risk...

of evidence • Patients undergoing various bariatric surgical procedures lost an average of 61.2% of their excess weight (varying from 47.5% for gastric banding to 70.1% for biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch procedures) • Perioperative mortality was relatively low (varying from 0.1% for banding, 0.5% for bypass, to 1.1% for biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch) • Most patients...

We study search diversion by competing intermediaries connecting consumers with thirdparty stores (sellers). Search diversion is a strategic instrument that enables intermediaries to trade-off total consumer traffic for higher revenues per individual consumer visit. It is particularly useful in contexts in which the stores or products which are most sought-after by consumers are not the ones th...

Due to unbalanced distribution of tourists during peak time, tourists are likely to highly flock in certain areas of scenery spots if imperfect organization and management. For this reason, there may be crowds or even trample accidents in addition to unrecoverable damages for the ecological environment in such areas. Therefore, the valid solution is to formulate scientific tourist diversion str...