The past five .yeans have brought considerable changes in the urologic management of children born with myelodysplasia. The most notable developments are clean intermittent cathetenization (CIC) with and without adjunctive surgery; decreased use of suprapubic bladder expression; general disenchantment with the long-term results of the refluxing uretenointestinal conduit diversions; artificial u...

T-cell precursors remain developmentally plastic for multiple cell generations after entering the thymus, preserving access to developmental alternatives of macrophage, dendritic-cell, and even mast-cell fates. The underlying regulatory basis of this plasticity is that early T-cell differentiation depends on transcription factors which can also promote alternative developmental programs. Interf...

This paper innovates as it tests two different hypotheses regarding climate impacts on agricultural markets in Brazil: farmers only observe the average climate conditions of their region when deciding the type and amount of crop/animal to grow/raise; and weather diversions from normal climate conditions deviate farmers from their optimal profits. Both hypotheses are not rejected by the data. Th...

Adenocarcinoma is a rare finding following urinary diversion with gastrointestinal segments. This report describes an 80-year-old woman with a history of bladder cancer who subsequently developed a pT4 adenocarcinoma 8 years following her radical cystectomy and Indiana Pouch continent urinary diversion. An en bloc resection of the pouch and affected small bowel was performed and the patient und...

OBJECTIVES On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of bladder cancer patients were established. Criteria for recommendations were evidence based, and included aspects of cost-effectiveness and clinical feasibility. METHOD A systematic literature research using Medline Services was conducted. References were weighted by a panel of ...

The past five .yeans have brought considerable changes in the urologic management of children born with myelodysplasia. The most notable developments are clean intermittent cathetenization (CIC) with and without adjunctive surgery; decreased use of suprapubic bladder expression; general disenchantment with the long-term results of the refluxing uretenointestinal conduit diversions; artificial u...

The past five .yeans have brought considerable changes in the urologic management of children born with myelodysplasia. The most notable developments are clean intermittent cathetenization (CIC) with and without adjunctive surgery; decreased use of suprapubic bladder expression; general disenchantment with the long-term results of the refluxing uretenointestinal conduit diversions; artificial u...

The partial substitution of the ureter using a pediculated double short segments of the ileum is a technique used to re-establish ureteral transit and preserve the renal unit, following the resection of extensive ureteral lesions. Standard surgical procedure for an ileoureteroplasty consists of isolating an ileal duct of equal or greater length than the ureteral defect and interposing it in the...

Acknowledging recent questions about the meaning and status of cartography in a world dominated by information and communication technologies, this paper proposes, for the sake of argument, that cartography has had a longer and stronger history than any alternative movements. The technological diversions of recent decades are seen as having contributed to, rather than diminished the power of ca...

The past five .yeans have brought considerable changes in the urologic management of children born with myelodysplasia. The most notable developments are clean intermittent cathetenization (CIC) with and without adjunctive surgery; decreased use of suprapubic bladder expression; general disenchantment with the long-term results of the refluxing uretenointestinal conduit diversions; artificial u...