09:20 Christopher Noto and Ari Grossman Using functional morphology to compare dinosaur ecological diversity Studies of ecological diversity seek to quantify functional groups to understand community structure. Fossil communities represent a special challenge because direct measurement of the once living ecosystem is impossible, and we must rely on indirect methods to infer ecology. Fortunately...

Regions worldwide differ markedly in species richness. Here, for birds and mammals worldwide, we directly compare four sets of hypotheses regarding geographical richness gradients: (1) evolutionary, emphasising heterogeneity in diversification rates, (2) historical, related to differences in region ages and sizes, (3) energetic, associated with variation in productive or ambient energy and (4) ...

Ecological theory and nature conservation have traditionally relied solely on observed local diversity. In this review, we recommend including those species that are absent from an ecosystem but which belong to its species pool; that is, all species in the region that can potentially inhabit those particular ecological conditions. We call the set of absent species 'dark diversity'. Relating loc...

A key challenge in ecological research is to integrate data from different scales to evaluate the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that influence current patterns of biological diversity. We build on recent attempts to incorporate phylogenetic information into traditional diversity analyses and on existing research on beta diversity and phylogenetic community ecology. Phylogenetic beta di...

pollination and pest control are perhaps the best-known ecological services performed by hover flies. the species diversity and their abundance have an influential impact on the ecological services provided by this family. to find out species diversity of adult flower flies associated with agroecosystems in kerman province, a biodiversity survey using insect net and color water traps was conduc...

Why do some places have much higher diversity than others? Explaining patterns of species diversity on the earth is a problem of long-standing for ecologists. Numerous diversity patterns have been documented [1], but the mechanisms behind these patterns remain poorly understood. If we knew the mechanisms, surer decisions in conservation and management would be possible. Understanding can be sou...

Large terrestrial carnivores are important ecological components and 11 prominent flagship species, but are often extinction prone due to a combination of 12 biological traits and high levels of human persecution. This study combines 13 phylogenetic and functional diversity evaluations of global and continental large 14 carnivore assemblages to provide a framework for conservation prioritizatio...

Some scientists are interesting to study in area of harvested ecological modelling. The harvested population dynamics is more realistic than other ecological models. In the present paper, some of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models have been considered. In the said models, existing species are harvested by constant or variable growth rates. The behavior of their solutions has been analyzed ...