Introduction: Currently, the potential application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to increase the efficiency of radiation therapy have been investigated. However, the loss of an appropriate method to estimate the dose distribution in nanoparticle laden tissue limits the applicability of nanoparticles in radiotherapy clinics. Polymer gel dosimetry provides an accurate and precise...

Background: Vegetation (food stuff) is grown in soil that contains many radioactive elements such as 238U (uranium), 232Th (thorium) and 40K (potassium), which may get deposited either due to radioactive fallout or/and by absorption from the soil and can pose serious health hazards. Materials and Methods: Natural radioactivity, radiological hazards and annual effective dose assessment was carri...

Chapter 4 Each year the potential radiological dose to the public that is attributable to operations and effluents from the West Valley Demonstration Project (the WVDP or Project) is assessed to verify that no individual could possibly have received a dose exceeding the limits established by the regulatory agencies. The results of these conservative dose calculations demonstrate that the potent...

Worldwide jurisdictions are making efforts to regulate pesticide standard values in residential soil, drinking water, air, and agricultural commodity to lower the risk of pesticide impacts on human health. Because human may exposure to pesticides from many ways, such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, it is important to examine pesticide standards by considering all major exposure pa...

In Part I we calculated 10 CFR 61 "Class-C" specific activity limits for all long-lived radionuclides with atomic number less than 88 (Ra). These calculations were based on the whole-body dose. We also estimated the production of these radionuclides from all naturally occurring elements with atomic numbers less than 84 (Po) in the first wall of a typical fusion reactor, and thereby derived conc...

Background: NT-proBNP is a marker that is released from ventricles in response to pressure and volume overload. Raised plasma level of NT-proBNP is seen in ventricular dysfunction, ventricular muscular mass reduction or ventricular ischemia. Anthracyclines are widely used in treatment of pediatric cancer but their use is associated with cardiotoxicity which increases mortality and morbidity. We...

background: pet/ct imaging using [18f]-fdg is utilized in clinical oncology for tumor detecting, staging and responding to therapy procedures. essential consideration must be taken for radiation staff due to high gamma radiation in pet/ct and cyclotron center. the aim of this study was to assess the staff exposure regarding whole body and organ dose and to evaluate environment dose in pet/ct an...

background: we have validated the monitor unit calculations from a commercially available treatment planning system (tps) for three intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) planning techniques for tangential breast irradiation by using ionization chamber measurements. materials and methods: treatment plans were generated for forty-two breast patients by a forward planned field in field technique...

background: aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the gated volumetric modulated arc therapy (vmat/rapidarc) using 2d planar dosimetry, dynalog files and compass 3d dosimetry system. materials and methods: pre-treatment quality assurance of 10 gated vmat plans was verified using 2d array and compass 3d dosimetry system. advantage of compass over 2d planar is that it provides the clin...

purpose : to determine the maximum non-toxic dose of recombinant human erythropoietin (epo) in rabbit eyes methods : eight rabbits (sixteen eyes) were scheduled for evaluating side effects of four intravitreal doses of 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 iu of epo, two rabbits for each dose. for each dose (two rabbits), the drug was injected for the right eyes. balanced salt solution (bss) was injected i...