Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on thymocytes in addition to activated lymphocyte cells. Its ligation is thought to negatively regulate T cell activation, and PD-1(-/-) mice develop autoimmunity. To study the role of PD-1 on the development and function of a monoclonal CD8(+) T cell population, 2C TCR-transgenic/recombination-activating gene 2(-/-)/PD-1(-/-) mice were generated....

We study the energy conservation property and loss condition of a left-handed material (LHM). First we argue by energy conservation that an LHM has to be a backward-wave material (BWM). Then we derive the equivalence of the loss and the Sommerfeld far-field radiation conditions for BWM. Next, we solve the realistic Sommerfeld problem of a point source over an LHM half space and an LHM slab. Wit...

We report on an experimental measurement of Coulomb drag in a double quantum well structure consisting of bilayer-bilayer graphene, separated by few layer hexagonal boron nitride. At low temperatures and intermediate densities, a novel negative drag response with an inverse sign is observed, distinct from the momentum and energy drag mechanisms previously reported in double monolayer graphene. ...

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare, inherited disorder of immune dysregulation secondary to defective lymphocyte apoptosis. This leads to uninhibited proliferation of lymphoid tissue manifesting with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune cytopenia, and an increased risk of lymphoid malignancy. We report a twoyearold boy with fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, he...

The various forms of psoriasis demonstrate multidirectional changes of the expression of markers of lymphocyte positive and negative activation. Study of activation markers allow identifying different lymphocyte subpopulations, establishing their role in development and progressing of psoriasis as they characterize connected with cellular cycle processes of activation (CD25) and apoptosis (CD95...

Optical sensors have wide range of application such as in medicine, astronomy, industry, and others. Sensitivity of symmetric three layered optical waveguide sensor is investigated. The proposed sensor consists of dielectric slab surrounded by metamaterial (MTM) cladding and MTM substrate. MTMs are new artificial materials which have simultaneously negative permittivity ε and negative permeabil...

Material properties are central to the design of particle accelerators. One area of advanced accelerator research is to investigate novel materials and structures and their potential use in extending capabilities of accelerator components. Within the past decade a new type of artificially constructed material having the unique property of simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability ha...

The approach taken here solves the Maxwell equations inside metamaterial crystals directly and explicitly with no approximations made. The Bloch wave solution and dispersion relation is given by a power series in the ratio between wave number and period. Each term is iteratively defined by the solution of an auxiliary problem depending on the configuration and shapes of the scatterers. The lead...

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is characterised by massive enlargement of the lymphoid organs, autoimmune cytopenias and a predisposition to develop lymphoid malignancies. The basic defect is a disturbance of the lymphocyte apoptosis, and a high number of circulating TCRab CD3+CD4-CD8- T-cells (double-negative T cells (DNT cells)). We describe a case of a 41-year-old man with fe...