Photo 1. Mellisodes sp. attacking Danaus plexippus. credit: Robert Root-Bernstein. 2. Xylocopa virginica a Bombus 3. Colletes (upside down) and altercating over flower. 4. Agapostemon Polites coras. 5. Agpostemon wrestling with These photographs illustrate the article “Flower visitor insects display an interspecific dominance hierarchy on flowers” by Thomas Renaud Meredith Root-Bernstein publis...

The development of the world education in Indonesia has increased quite highly. This increase can be seen from increasing number educational institutions that have been established and grown elementary schools to universities. One influences promotional activities run effectively efficiently is selection right media. study aims analyze decision-making using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) me...

With the down-scaling of CMOS technology, design complexity very large-scale integrated is increasing. Although application machine learning (ML) techniques in electronic automation (EDA) can trace its history back to 1990s, recent breakthrough ML and increasing EDA tasks have aroused more interest incorporating solve tasks. In this article, we present a comprehensive review existing for studie...

Both bottom-up and top-down causation occur in the hierarchy of structure and causation. A key feature is multiple realizability of higher level functions, and consequent existence of equivalence classes of lower level variables that correspond to the same higher level state. Five essentially different classes of top-down influence can be identified, and their existence demonstrated by many rea...

We discuss the violation of quark-flavor symmetry at high temperatures, induced from nonperturbative thermal loop corrections and axial anomaly, based on a three-flavor linear-sigma model including an axial-anomaly induced-flavor breaking term. employ analysis following Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis formalism, show that undergoes chiral crossover with pseudo-critical temperature, consistently latti...

Usability testing typically focuses on methodology and metrics, while the specific interactions being tested are chosen in an ad hoc way. This paper demonstrates a framework for organizing interaction scenarios for graphical user interfaces (GUI). The framework is an adaptation of the two-dimensional abstraction hierarchy introduced by Rasmussen [1] in which an interaction consists of a purpose...

For deterministic tree automata, classical hierarchies, like MostowskiRabin (or index) hierarchy, Borel hierarchy, or Wadge hierarchy, are known to be decidable. However, when it comes to non-deterministic tree automata, none of these hierarchies is even close to be understood. Here we make an attempt in paving the way towards a clear understanding of tree automata. We concentrate on the class ...

Recent evidence suggests that TCR down-regulation directly reflects the number of TCRs that have engaged MHC/peptide ligand complexes. Here, we examined the influence of defined peptides on thymic selection based on their ability to induce differential TCR internalization. Our results demonstrate that there is a direct correlation: peptides that induce strong TCR down-regulation are most effici...