the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes are the most polymorphic loci in the human genome and have been widely studied in various populations and ethnic groups. investigations into the hla genes and proteins have been useful tool for anthropological, transplantation and disease association studies. the polymorphism of the hla class i (a, b, c) and class ii (drb1, dqa1, dqb1) genes were...

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) code for proteins involved in antigen recognition and activation of the adaptive immune response and are thought to be regulated by natural selection, especially due to pathogen-driven selective pressure. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of MHC class II DRB exon 2 gene diversity of the lesser anteater (Tamandua tetra...

MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) controls nuclear MAP kinase activity with important consequences on cell growth or apoptosis. MKP-1 transcription is initiated constitutively but elongation is blocked within exon 1. It is unclear how induction of MKP-1 is controlled. Here, we report that the transcriptional elongation factors P-TEFb, DSIF and NELF regulate MKP-1 transcription in the pituitary G...

Low-light image enhancement is rapidly gaining research attention due to the increasing demands of extreme visual tasks in various applications. Although numerous methods exist enhance qualities low light, it still undetermined how trade-off between human observation and computer vision processing. In this work, an effective generative adversarial network structure proposed comprising both dens...

Water resources are among the most sensitive sectors to climate change due their direct relationship with variables. The current study used projected datasets under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 4.5 and 8.5, from Coupled Model Intercompersion Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), remote sensing Soil Assessment Tool (SWAT) estimate effect of on some hydrological processes. We focus rainfa...

The genomic organization and number of human HLA-DRB class II genes differs between haplotypes in the human population. In contrast, both HLA-DQ and -DP class II subregions are conserved. Understanding of the evolutionary relationship and age of HLA-DR haplotypes has been obtained by nucleotide sequence determination and phylogenetic analyses of intron sequences of all known DRB genes from diff...

The possibility of inducing transplantation tolerance by somatic gene transfer is under investigation in our miniature swine model. As a crucial step in this project, we have used a retroviral vector engineered to express both a drug-resistance gene (Neo) and a swine class II DRB cDNA to transduce porcine bone marrow (BM) cells. Analysis of cultured swine fibroblasts exposed to high-titer viral...

SPT5 and its binding partner SPT4 regulate transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. SPT4 and SPT5 are involved in both 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB)-mediated transcriptional inhibition and the activation of transcriptional elongation by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein. Recent data suggest that P-TEFb, which is composed of CDK9 and cyc...

Experimental analysis of isolated ciliary/flagellar axonemes has implicated the protein kinase casein kinase I (CK1) in regulation of dynein. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel in vitro reconstitution approach using purified recombinant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CK1, together with CK1-depleted axonemes from the paralyzed flagellar mutant pf17, which is defective in radial spokes and ...

Recently, casein kinase II was suggested to play a role in accurate transcription in vitro (R. Zandomeni, M. C. Zandomeni, D. Shungar, and R. Weinmann, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 3414 (1986)). In the present study, we examined whether transcription factor S-II is a target of casein kinase II, because the phosphorylated form of S-II, termed S-II', is known to be present in vivo. We found that S-II was...