BACKGROUND Vapor diffusion is the most widely used technique for protein crystallization and the rate of water evaporation plays a key role on the quality of the crystals. Attempts have been made in the past to solve the mass transfer problem governing the evaporation process, either analytically or by employing numerical methods. Despite these efforts, the methods used for protein crystallizat...

The process to be modeled produces micro-hollow particles based on spray drying technology. This process involves droplet formation, solvent(s) evaporation, formation of the impermeable outer layer, and decomposition of the blowing agent. The objective of this work is to develop a fundamental model that describes the formation of the hollow particles starting from a single droplet. This model i...

We have developed a one-dimensional radiative-convective model with detailed cloud microphysics, and used it to study the formation of Arctic Stratus clouds (ASC). The model contains detailed radiative and microphysical modules, and it provides a self-consistent treatment of the interaction between radiative and cloud microphysical processes important for cloud formation. The radiative transfer...

We report studies of the evaporation and discharge dynamics of highly charged droplets generated by electrospray ionization from n-heptane, n-octane, and p-xylene doped with Stadis-450, a conductivity-enhancing agent. A phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) characterizes individual droplets moving through the uniform electric field within an ion mobility cell according to size, velocity, and charge. R...

The condensation and evaporation rates predicted by bin and bulk microphysics schemes in the same model framework are compared in a statistical way using simulations of non-precipitating shallow cumulus clouds. Despite other fundamental disparities between the bin and bulk condensation parameterizations, the differences in condensation rates are predominantly explained by accounting for the wid...

15 In this paper we describe a newly designed cold electrodynamic balance (CEDB) system, 16 built to study the evaporation kinetics and freezing properties of supercooled water droplets. 17 The temperature of the CEDB chamber at the location of the levitated water droplet can be 18 controlled in the range: -40 ̊C to +40 ̊C, which is achieved using a combination of liquid 19 nitrogen cooling and...

In this paper we describe a newly designed cold electrodynamic balance (CEDB) system, built to study the evaporation kinetics and freezing properties of supercooled water droplets. The temperature of the CEDB chamber at the location of the levitated water droplet can be controlled in the range −40 to +40 C, which is achieved using a combination of liquid nitrogen cooling and heating by positive...

Dilute liquid sprays can be modeled at the mesoscale using a kinetic equation, namely the Williams-Boltzmann equation, containing terms for spatial transport, evaporation and fluid drag. The most common method for simulating the Williams-Boltzmann equation uses Lagrangian particle tracking wherein a finite ensemble of numerical “parcels” provides a statistical estimate of the joint surface area...

A mathematical model for the evaporation of a single droplet, subjected to convective drying in a spray dryer was developed to study the transient phenomena of particle formation. During the constant-rate drying period, the governing equations and boundary conditions were transformed into a form containing Peclet number, Pe, as the main controlling parameter. A numerical solution was developed ...