In this paper we extend different reasoning methods from traditional (demonic) programs to programs with both demonic and angelic nondeterminism. In particular, we discuss correctness proofs, and refinement of programs while reducing angelic nondeterminism (into demonic nondeterminism or determinism). As expected, reducing angelic nondeterminism is generally not a refinement; however, when cont...

The relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their associated bacteriacan be has great importance for sustainable agriculture especially in the case of highlymycorrhizal plants such as linseed. To evaluate the possible effect of AMF in association withphosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on linseed plants, a 2-yr factorial experiment wasconducted based on a randomized comple...

T are 9.2 million people who are eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. They’re eligible for both programs either because they are younger than 65 years of age, disabled, and poor or because they are 65 or older and are poor or have exhausted their nonhousing assets paying for health care. These dually eligible program participants make up about 20% of Medicare beneficiaries and about 17% of ...

Biomimetic Photomodulable Bactericidal Nanozyme Exploration of bactericidal nanozymes with simultaneously high biofilm penetration and bacterial capture capacities is crucial yet challenging for combating infections. In article number 2301694, Guang Liang, Fangyuan Li, Daishun Ling, co-workers report a biomimetic photomodulable nanozyme dually enhanced capacities. Notably, the catalytic activit...

The interaction of two gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) pathogens, a nucleopolyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) and a fungus (Entomophaga maimaiga), were studied by assessing mortality among dually inoculated hosts. When fourth and fifth instar gypsy moths were inoculated with a range of doses of LdNPV and a fixed dose of E. maimaiga on the same day, the majority of larvae died from E. maimaiga infections r...

UNLABELLED Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been successfully utilized in various fields of preclinical studies; however, CLI is challenging due to its weak luminescent intensity and insufficient penetration capability. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a type of rare-earth microparticles (REMPs), which can be dually excited by Cerenkov luminescence (CL) resulting from the deca...