Purpose: We report the procedure of inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) in the treatment of upshoot in patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). Methods: Two patients with DRS underwent surgery for severe up-shoot. For both patients, the inferior oblique (IO) was transposed to the temporal border of IO insertion. Approximately 64 months of periodic follow-ups for Case 1 and 7 mo...

Purpose: Capsular related complications may occur during and/or following cataract s”rPew. Methods: We used endocapsular PUMA rings (EPR) to prevent such complications in eyes with pre or peroperative zonular c’ehiscence, high myopic eyes and eyes witl: exfoliation syndrome which have weak zonoles. EPR can be implanted easily through the phaco-incision before aspiration of the cortex or just be...

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye-movement disorder defined by limited outward gaze and retraction of the eye on attempted inward gaze. Here, we report on three heterozygous loss-of-function MAFB mutations causing DRS and a dominant-negative MAFB mutation causing DRS and deafness. Using genotype-phenotype correlations in humans and Mafb-knockout mice, we propose a threshold mo...

editorial

T he units that are subject to selection pressure in evolutionary biology are ‘‘strategies,’’ which are conditional actions (for example, do P if X occurs; otherwise do Q). In contrast, the units in economics (they are called ‘‘people’’) select strategies from available menus so as to further their projects and purposes. If evolutionary dynamics involves mindless competition among strategies, e...

Corpus callosum stimulation produced by chronically implanted electrodes, placed either by craniotomy or stereotactically, failed to control refractory generalized epilepsy in humans and also in experimentally produced penicillin epilepsy in cats. However, the patients that suffered craniotomy, frontal lobe retraction or pneumoencephalograms, without callosal section, showed remarkable improvem...

The editorial office of the Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran has recently determined that an original article entitled “Stress Distribution in Three-Implant- Retained Mandibular Overdentures Using Finite Element Analysis” authored by Ahmadzadeh A, Golmohammadi F, Mousavi N, Epakchi S. published in thewinter 2015 issue of the Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran [Journal of...

Purpose: Capsular related complications may occur during and/or following cataract s”rPew. Methods: We used endocapsular PUMA rings (EPR) to prevent such complications in eyes with pre or peroperative zonular c’ehiscence, high myopic eyes and eyes witl: exfoliation syndrome which have weak zonoles. EPR can be implanted easily through the phaco-incision before aspiration of the cortex or just be...

Purpose: Capsular related complications may occur during and/or following cataract s”rPew. Methods: We used endocapsular PUMA rings (EPR) to prevent such complications in eyes with pre or peroperative zonular c’ehiscence, high myopic eyes and eyes witl: exfoliation syndrome which have weak zonoles. EPR can be implanted easily through the phaco-incision before aspiration of the cortex or just be...