Neuroendocrine differentiation has been reported in both in situ and infiltrating breast cancers. The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in mammary carcinoma is unclear. The spectrum ranges from undifferentiated small cell carcinoma to ductal carcinoma in situ with neuroendocrine differentiation. Mucinous carcinomas of the breast appear to have the greatest association wi...

BACKGROUND Resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapies is common, and results in treatment failure and new tumor progression. C35 is over-expressed in many invasive breast cancer endogenously, and functions as an oncogene in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS The current study aims to investigate effects of C35 on cell viability and migration of HER2-positi...

Development of the functional secretory epithelium in the mammary gland of the female mouse requires the elongation of the anlage through the mammary fat pad to form the primary/secondary ductal network from which tertiary ductal side-branches and lobuloalveoli develop. In this study we examined the hormonal requirements for the spatial development of the primary/secondary epithelial network an...

      The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vital structure in fetal circulation, carrying about two thirds of the right ventricular (RV) output to the aorta. During fetal life, ductal patency is actively preserved by several different factors, and pathologic ductal constriction causes right-sided pressure overload of the heart, leading to RV failure. There have been many reports of ductal constricti...