Common-path in-line shearing interferometry, combined with pixel-array imaging, provides a surface metrology that achieves 15 pm surface height resolution. An eighth-wave thermal oxide on silicon generates a reference wave locked in the condition of phase quadrature for phase-to-intensity conversion that makes surface height or index variations directly detectable by an imaging system. The scal...

The variable visual acuity nature of human vision across fovea and periphery prompted the need to study the differential magnification method as compared with the traditional linear magnification. With differential magnification, outer-area objects were magnified at a level higher than the inner-area objects. An application software was specially developed by the authors previously for the exam...

The variable visual acuity nature of human vision across fovea and periphery prompted the need to study the differential magnification method as compared with the traditional linear magnification. With differential magnification, outer-area objects were magnified at a level higher than the inner-area objects. An application software was specially developed by the authors previously for the exam...

For the majority of visual tasks, performance in extrafoveal vision can be equated with that at the fovea simply by a change in spatial scale of the stimuli (magnification). We sought to exploit this association to examine the nature of second-order vision. More specifically, we investigate the relationship between the scale of second-order vision and the scale of its first-order input. We find...

The topographic organization of striate cortex in the macaque was studied using physiological recording techniques. Results were displayed on two-dimensional maps of the cortex, which facilitated the quantitative analysis of various features of the visual representation. The representation was found to be asymmetric with more cortex devoted to lower than to upper fields. Over much of striate co...

We present direct comparisons of resolution thresholds and quantitative estimates of retinal ganglion cell separation in humans with reported functional magnetic resonance imaging estimates of the human linear cortical magnification factor. Measurements of resolution thresholds (MAR), retinal ganglion cell (GC) densities, and linear cortical magnification factor (M) values were taken from the l...

A blurry background due to shallow depth of field is often desired for photographs such as portraits, but, unfortunately, small point-and-shoot cameras do not permit enough defocus because of the small diameter of their lenses. We present an image-processing technique that increases the defocus in an image to simulate the shallow depth of field of a lens with a larger aperture. Our technique es...

OGLE-2004-BLG-343 was a microlensing event with peak magnification A max = 3000 ± 1100, by far the highest-magnification event ever analyzed and hence potentially extremely sensitive to planets orbiting the lens star. Due to human error, intensive monitoring did not begin until 43 minutes after peak, at which point the magnification had fallen to A ∼ 1200, still by far the highest ever observed...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the interpretation of microcalcifications assessed on images zoomed (x 2.0) from digital mammograms is at least equivalent to that from digital magnification mammography (x 1.8) with respect to diagnostic accuracy and image quality. Three radiologists with different levels of experience in mammography reviewed each full-field digital mammograph...