Economists usually assume that any sex difference in earnings after controlling for human capital and occupational segregation is largely (though not entirely) attributable to ‘‘discrimination’’. From the evolutionary psychological perspective, I argue that ‘‘discrimination’’ (or any other external constraint) is unnecessary to explain the partial effect of sex on earnings if men and women are ...

This paper investigates the relationship between earnings management and quality of earnings for the bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2012.The earnings quality  is measured by four separate accounting-based earnings attributes: accruals quality, earnings persistence, earnings predictability; earnings and is also examined by testing the relationshi...

This paper studies portfolio choice and pricing in markets in which immediate trading may be impossible. It departs from the literature by removing restrictions on asset holdings, and finds that optimal positions depend significantly and naturally on liquidity: When expected future liquidity is high, agents take more extreme positions, given that they do not have to hold those positions for lon...

The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 has focused considerable attention on the potential liability and the operating conduct of big oil companies. This paper shows that limiting the ability of a company to insure and diversify its risks creates incentives to internalize the welfare effects of catastrophic events, leading to a welfare improvement. We model an economy with complete financia...

the study objects for investigating the possibility of activating both audit committee and board of directors for restricting the practices of earnings management phenomenon. to achieve this objective, a questionnaire had been developed and self-administered for a selected sample consists of 123 auditors working in jordan based on the simple random sampling method. the study first hypothesis is...

Holmstrom (1982) argues that a principal is required to restrain moral hazard in a team: wasting output in a certain state is required to enforce efficient effort, and the principal is a commitment device for such enforcement. Under competition in commodity and team-formation markets, I extend his model à la Prescott and Townsend (1984) to show that competitive contracts can exploit the futures...

Effects of Sexual Preferences on Earnings in the Netherlands A small literature suggests that bisexual and homosexual workers earn less than their heterosexual fellow workers and that a discriminating labor market is partly to blame. In this paper we examine whether sexual preferences affect earnings in the beginning of working careers in the Netherlands. We find (i) that young and highly educa...

This study examines the relationships between stock fundamental ratios and idiosyncratic volatility from 1993 to 2010 for Australian Securities Exchange listed companies. The portfolio analysis results show that high idiosyncratic volatility companies tend to be small (measured by size), highly leveraged (measured by interest cover ratio), low profitability (measured by return on equity and ear...

This study estimates the intergenerational mobility of economic status in Japan from the perspective of international comparison. The intergenerational elasticity of earnings and income of offspring with respect to parental income is estimated using microdata from the 1993—2004 rounds of the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers. The result of instrumental variables estimation suggests intergenera...

No Country for Fat Men? Obesity, Earnings, Skills, and Health among 450,000 Swedish Men The negative association between obesity and labor market outcomes has been widely documented, yet little is known about the mechanisms through which the association arises. Using rich and unique data on 450,000 Swedish men enlisting for the military, we find that the crude obesity penalty in earnings, which...