This paper analyses an infinite horizon two-echelon supply chain inventory problem and shows that a sequence of the optimum ordering policies does not yield globally optimal solutions for the overall supply chain. First-order autoregressive demand pattern is assumed and each participant adopts the order-up-to (OUT) policy with a minimum mean square error forecasting scheme to generate replenish...

Mitigating the bullwhip effect is one of crucial problems in supply chain management. In this research, centralized and decentralized model predictive control strategies are applied to control inventory positions and to reduce the bullwhip effect in a benchmark four-echelon supply chain. The supply chain under consideration is described by discrete dynamic models characterized by balance equati...

We consider the classic N -stage serial supply systems with linear costs and stationary random demands. There are deterministic transportation leadtimes between stages, and unsatisfied demands are backlogged. The optimal inventory policy for this system is known to be an echelon base-stock policy, which can be computed through minimizing N nested convex functions recursively. To identify the ke...

77 THIS FEATURE PRESENTS A RELAtively unique concept for urban arterial highway interchanges. The interchange has been named the Echelon Interchange because of its symmetrical, but offset, pair of two-phase one-way pair intersections—one elevated over the other. An observer1 noted that the interchange resembled a flying formation used by the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Team, the “Blue Angels...

In this paper, we establish the convexity of important cost functions in a general class of multi-echelon inventory models. In particular, we first study an assembly system with a single finished product managed using an echelon order-up-to policy. We show that the shortage penalty cost over any horizon is jointly convex with respect to the base-stock levels and capacity levels. Our second resu...

s-This paper further extends the existing cost model for a fixed-life perishable product in a two-echelon inventory problem into the net profit model. The extended model is subsequently evaluated by comparing its results with those obtained from OptQuest, a commercial simulationoptimization package. Within a limited but reasonable time, the comparative results do not show a significant improvem...

Takamichi 2009. Altruistic behaviour in a two-echelon supply chain with unmatched proportional feedback controllers. Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher's v...

We consider a two-echelon assembly system producing a single final product for which the demand is known. The first echelon consists of several parallel stages, whereas the second echelon consists of a single assembly stage. We assume that the yield at each stage is random and that demand needs to be satisfied in its entirety; thus, several production runs may be required. A production policy s...

This paper aims at multi-objective optimization of single-product for four-echelon supply chain architecture consisting of suppliers, production plants, distribution centers (DCs) and customer zones (CZs). The key design decisions considered are: the number and location of plants in the system, the flow of raw materials from suppliers to plants, the quantity of products to be shipped from plant...

Multi-echelon distribution networks are quite common in supply chain and logistics. Deliveries of multiple items from factories to customers aremanagedby routing and consolidating shipments inwarehouses carrying on long-term inventories. On the other hand, cross-docking is a logistics technique that differs from warehousing because products are no longer stored at intermediate depots. Instead, ...