This paper studies a periodic-review, serial inventory system in which echelon r nQ T policies are implemented. Under such a policy, each stage reviews its inventory in every T period and orders according to an echelon r nQ policy. Two types of fixed costs are considered: one is associated with each order batch Q, and the other is incurred for each inventory review. The objective is to find the...

We propose a model that integrates inventory routing and freight consolidation for perishable goods with a fixed lifetime. The problem is motivated by the status quo of logistics in some U.S. agriculture markets, but adapts to other relevant two-echelon supply chains, e.g. combined production planning and distribution. We first identify special cases where solving single-echelon subproblems seq...

In this paper we impose a capacity restriction on a multi-echelon joint location-inventory model. The setting is that of a single product manufacturer distributing its product to a number of warehouses, each of which is assigned to a number of retailers. There is no lateral supply between warehouses and they do not share retailers. The model simultaneously makes decisions on location and invent...

The Multi-Echelon Distribution Supply Chain (MEDSC) is a multifaceted structure, focusing on the integration of all factors that involved in the overall distribution process of finished products to the customers. The growing interest in multi-echelon distribution systems has highlighted the need to adopt an appropriate approach to ensure the efficient management of their complexity. While there...

Problem definition: We consider dual sourcing in a distribution network for spare parts consisting of one central warehouse and multiple local warehouses. Each keeps types repairable to maintain several capital goods. The repair shop at the has two options each part: regular option an expedited option. Irrespective option, part uses certain resource its repair. In design these inventory systems...

The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditionalchannel structure by engaging in direct sales. In this paper, we present a dual channel inventory modelbased on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retailchannel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. The systemreceives stocha...

This paper reviews inventory models with multiple supply options and discusses their contribution to supply chain management. After discussing strategic aspects of supplier competition and the role of operational flexibility in global sourcing, inventory models which use several suppliers in order to avoid or reduce the effects of shortage situations are outlined. Further, related inventory pro...

A two-stage inventory system is considered where Poisson demand occurs at Stage 1, and Stage 1 replenishes its inventory from Stage 2, which in turn orders from an outside supplier with unlimited stock. Each shipment, either to Stage 2 or to Stage 1, incurs a fixed setup cost. Under the assumption that the supply leadtime at Stage 2 is zero, we characterize a simple heuristic policy whose long-...

We study a multiechelon supply chain model that consists of a production level and several transportation levels, where the demands can exist in the production echelon as well as any transportation echelons. With the presence of stationary production capacity and general cost functions, our model integrates production, inventory and transportation decisions and generalizes existing literature o...

the advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. in this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. the system receives st...