Individual plant species thrive in specific environments, some growing well across a wide area, others being restricted to survival in very narrow ecological niches. Within a niche, a species must compete for space, light and other resources with the same and other species. Many decades of work on crops has advanced our understanding of characteristics related to crop production and agronomy, w...

to apply scientific and proper management of rangeland ecosystems, having information on health and functions indices of ecosystem is required. using landscape function analysis, the present study deals with assessing and comparing of ecological indices in northern and southern landscapes, darehkonari khashab of gachsaran. length and width for ecological patches in northern landscapes  in speci...

Zoosporic parasites have received increased attention during the last years, but it is still largely unnoted that these parasites can themselves be infected by hyperparasites. Some members of the Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Cryptomycota, Hyphochytriomycota, Labyrinthulomycota, Oomycota, and Phytomyxea are hyperparasites of zoosporic hosts. Because of sometimes complex tripartite intera...

Nectar contains water, sugars and amino acids to attract pollinators and defenders and is protected from nectar robbers and microorganisms by secondary compounds and antimicrobial proteins. Floral and extrafloral nectar secretion can be induced by jasmonic acid, it is often adjusted to consumer identity and consumption rate and depends on invertase activity. Invertases are likely to play at lea...

The skin is the largest tissue of man with several functions. Cosmetics/cosmeceuticals agents always are needed to be evaluated for their detrimental effects on the skin. Nowadays, the therapeutic potential of stem cells has and fibroblasts have increased the hope for a successful cell therapy in aesthetic medicine. Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell ...

From the 1970s we can observe new art practices that combine creative artistic strategies, scientific research and interest in environmental issues. Starting with the Harrisons or Hans Haacke, artists begin to experiment with scientific data to help protecting environment, focusing on problems of soil degradation (Rahmani), water pollution (Simpson), deforestation (Steinmann), ecosystem instabi...

Purpose– Analysis of non-prismatic beams has been focused of attention due to wide use in complex structures such as aircraft, turbine blades and space vehicles. Apart from aesthetic aspect, optimization of strength and weight is achieved in use of this type of structures. The purpose of this paper is to present new shape functions, namely 3-node Basic Displacement Functions (BDFs) for derivati...