The origin of economic crises is a key problem for economics. We present a model of long-run competitive markets to show that the multiplicity of behaviors in an economic system, over a long time scale, emerge as statistical regularities (perfectly competitive markets obey Bose-Einstein statistics and purely monopolistic-competitive markets obey Boltzmann statistics) and that how interaction am...

This paper develops an endogenous growth model with spillovers of public goods, Leviathan taxation, and mobile capital to examine the relative merits of centralized and decentralized fiscal systems for economic growth and social welfare. We show that a decentralized system dominates a centralized system in terms of economic growth; however, the difference in social welfare between a decentraliz...

This paper addresses the claim that monopolies arise naturally out of the free market. I show by comparing and contrasting two theories of monopoly—economic and political monopoly—that this is not true. This paper also demonstrates that the two theories of monopoly have their separate roots in two opposite theories of competition: perfect competition and competition as rivalry. I show that only...

Infrastructure investments expansion typically adds to the productive capacity in an economy, and thus to its economic growth. Network industries account for between one–tenth and onequarter of economy wide investments (OECD 2009 B). Telecom industry is one of the network industries, and broadband is a new technology that is widely used all over the world. It is the popular mode of access to th...

Hardly any week passes by in ‘Old Europe’ without a discussion about tax reforms as a reaction to the fl at tax challenge of new member countries of the European Union (EU). By many observers this is interpreted as an expression of the race to the bottom that supposedly results from fi erce tax competition in Europe and around the globe. Instead of looking at descriptive fi gures of corporate i...

Most economists agree that the net effect of the deregulation movement in the United States has been to increase efficiency, with resulting increases in consumer welfare. Because deregulation contemplates the substitution of competition for regulation as the “regulator” of the deregulated markets, deregulation increases the importance of antitrust law as a means of preventing unregulated firms ...

Good management models for postemergence weed control require good estimates of which weed density produces an economic threshold yield. Because intraweed competition increases if weeds are aggregated, weed spatial pattern may be an important factor for inclusion in management models. Mathematical models of weed–crop competition have demonstrated that this may be the case, but the small number ...

trade secrets has an important role in economic growth and development of economic competition. however ,one of the challenges in this sphere is the emergence of economice spionag. increasing growth of economic espionage causes to emerge a new phenomenon which is called information terrorism. so the mechanism of protection of the trade secretsincivil and criminal law is necessary for economic g...

Both in US antitrust and EU competition policy a development to a broader application of rule of reason instead of per se rules can be observed. In the European discussion the attempt to base competition policy on a "more economic approach" is mainly viewed as improving the economic analysis in the assessment of specific cases. In this paper it is shown from a general law and economics perspect...