This paper is partly devoted to defining economic warfare and its position in the system of international relations. The role shaping internal external policies s country described selected examples using historical-logical method. article provides a typology elements trade warfare. Based on analysis determinants, latest facts after year 2015 are analysed. treatise concludes: war one sector eco...

This journal is dedicated to researching and publishing on emerging threats to human health. The subject areas vary from the threats to a small group, such as Iranian veterans exposed to sulphur mustard, through to threats on a regional or global basis. One of the key evolving threats is the current global economic crisis. In October 2008, the world finally realised that the credit crisis, whic...

Obesity is not only a health but also an economic phenomenon. This chapter (a) examines underlying economic causes, such as technological advancements, behind the obesity epidemic; (b) describes economic consequences of obesity, including increasing obesity-related medical expenditures; and (c) discusses the role of government in combating the obesity epidemic. Because of the high costs of obes...

Information technology (IT) security has emerged as an important issue in the last decade. To promote the disclosure and sharing of cyber-security information amongst firms, the US federal government has encouraged the establishment of many industry based Information Sharing & Analysis Centers(ISACs) under Presidential Decision Directive-63. We develop an analytical framework to investigate the...

We present a new model for climate system analysis, called CLIMBER-2 (for CLIMate and BiosphERe, level 2). This model fills the current gap between simple, highly parameterized climate models and computationally expensive coupled models of global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. We outline the basic assumptions implicit in CLIMBER-2 and we present examples of climate system analysis includi...

This paper revisits the impact of electoral accountability on total state expenditure and tax revenue with panel data from the 48 continental U.S. states from 1950 to 1999. Besides examining “traditional” tests of sensitivity, we present estimates from a difference-in-differences propensity score matching model (DD PSM) and a parametric difference-in-differences-in-differences approach (DDD) th...

February 2014 Economist Zubair Iqbal explains the daunting economic challenges facing Arab countries in transition following the Arab Awakening and the different trajectories stemming from those nations’ policy responses. Tunisia and Egypt provide an instructive case study: the former made hard fiscal decisions and has embraced sound economic principles and achieved broad support for a reform p...

The Vital 90TM Days begins approximately 60 days prior to calving and continues through the first 30 days of lactation. During this time, dairy cows experience a series of biological and physiological transitions that are usually accompanied by large changes in feed intake, dramatic shifts in hormonal profiles, and major fluxes in hepatic demands and function. The resulting negative energy and ...