Duncan first proposed the economic design of x control charts in 1956 to control normal process means and ensure that an economic design control chart actually lowers the cost, compared with a Shewhart control chart. Many authors have studied the control charts from economic viewpoint from then on. An economic design does not consider the statistical properties, such as type I or type II error ...

Environmental tax schemes in OECD countries often involve tax rates differentiated across industrial, commercial and household sectors. In this paper, we investigate four potentially imprtant arguments for these deviations from uniform taxation: pre-existing tax distortions, domestic equity concerns, global environmental effectiveness, and strategic trade policy. Our primary objective is to asc...

This paper demonstrates that entrepreneurs who have created innovative organizations and service provision models are contributing to sustainable development. The processes, structures and outcomes of their initiatives are contrasted with more traditional efforts. World leaders have recently renewed the momentum for ‘buying’ sustainable development through massive allocation of development fund...

The agriculture directorate is using a modified version of the GTAP model to analyse the impact of agriculture and non-agriculture reform. This analysis is part of an overall project that analyses policy reform using a "top-down" approach that integrating a variety of modeling techniques. Global and regional analysis is carried out using general equilibrium (modified GTAP), while at the other e...

This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere`s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, were investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and ind...

The influence of urban design on economic vitality has been analyzed by a number of researchers and is also a key focus of many planning/design theories. However, most quantitative studies are based on just one city or a small set of cities, rather than a large number of cities that are representative of an entire country. With the increasing availability of new data, we aim to alleviate this g...

This paper examines the rapid urban growth in the city of Shenzhen with particular focus on urban economic growth, population growth, agriculture and environmental changes. With the rapid expansion of population and the builtup area, there is increasing demand for the provision of urban infrastructure. The volume of environmental pollution is also increasing. The problems of environmental pollu...

Certain aspects of advertising–especially on television–are not easily explained with conventional economic models. In particular, much of the imagery and repetitive thematic content seen in advertisements seem “psychological” in nature, as opposed to “informative.” To understand the economic rationale for this phenomenon, we develop a theory of endogenous preferences in which information about...

C is developing a defense innovation system (DIS) as part of a broader effort to construct a national innovation system (NIS) that incorporates a system-of-systems approach. Modeled on China’s commercial-sector economic development zones and investment strategies, the DIS is focused on enhancing integration and interaction among key defense industry actors, institutions, industry sectors, and r...