china is a vast and overpopulated country in the eastern asia whose energy security and supply is the most important factor of economic growth and consequently, economic, social and political security. by the past decades, its leaders have understood the key role of economic growth and development in the economic and political security of china. thus, they have put all their concentration on th...

In the discussions of trading, unemployment and income distribution inequality, this question is raised by economists that in economic development of developing and developed countries, which policy is necessary in the first stage. Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to o...

BACKGROUND China is in a state of rapid economic growth and epidemiological transition. Morbidity and mortality relating to heart disease in women have increased dramatically. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to obtain the views of nurses regarding heart health issues for women in contemporary China. DESIGN : This study used focus group interviews. SETTINGS Convenience sampling was us...

This paper explains the decline in total fertility rate (TFR) in China by investigating the quantitative effect of social insurance on peoplesąŕ fertility choice when investment in children is risky. The price and income effects are heterogeneous: low-income people tend to raise more children due to the reinforcing income and price effects, whereas for rich families the income effect dominates ...

West Africa is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This paper analyzed the impacts of climate change on economic growth in Anglophone West Africa with similar background, during the periods 1969-2016. Five growth model equations have been developed to incorporate climate change variables into the model. Panel data estimations such as the fixed effect model, random effect model and Haus...

50 years since independence, agriculture remains a key driver for economic growth, rural development and poverty reduction in many African countries. Yet, the sector has suffered from market and policy failures and has largely failed to fulfil its potential. Why do agricultural policies seem to have failed in seizing development opportunities? This paper argues that this is partly due to the fa...

This paper discusses the different dimensions of poverty, with a particular focus on non-monetary aspects, and describes the limitations and inaccuracies inherent in the US$ 1 a day poverty line now widely used in crosscountry comparisons. It highlights how little attention is given to the aspects of poverty that most affect children and explains why addressing these issues is an effective appr...

BACKGROUND For many developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth and urbanization, trends in nutritional status indicate a decrease in malnutrition with an associated rise in the prevalence of obesity. An understanding of the situation among children in Malaysia is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic factors described for underweight and overweig...

During Vietnam’s two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly—macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality tradeoff in child-rearing. We investigate whether the micro-level evidence supports the hypothesis that Vietnamese parents are in fact making a tradeoff between q...

this paper tries to express the investment behavior of irans economic sectors during 1959-2001 by means of proposing an econometric model. the results of the model are offered in two options: present status continuation and desirable status. the first option reveals that the continuation of the present trends in iran will lead to the economic growth of 3.9 percent and total investment growth of...