Determining an order quantity when quantity discounts are available is a major interest of material managers. A supplier offering quantity discounts is a common strategy to entice the buyers to purchase more. In this paper, EOQ models with incremental discounts and either full or partial backordering are developed for the first time. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed models and solutio...

This paper discusses the economic order quantity ( EOQ ) under partial trade credit. In 1985, Goyal assumed that: (i) The unit selling price and the unit purchasing price were equal. (ii) The supplier would offer the retailer full trade credit under condition of delay payments. The main purpose of this paper wants to modify Goyal’s model to presume that the unit selling price and the unit purch...

 This study presents an inventory model for deteriorating items with linearly time-dependent demand rate under trade credits. Mathematical models have been derived under four different situations i.e. Case 1 : The cycle time T is greater than or equal to M1, to get a cash discount, Case 2 : The cycle time T is less than M1, Case 3 : The cycle time is greater than or equal to M2, and Case 4 : T...

This study analyses a production-management model that considers the possibility of implementing a reverse-logistics system for remanufacturing end-of-life products in a lean production environment (as opposed to models that use EOQ approaches). Decision variables are identified (including manufacturing and remanufacturing capacities and return rates and use rates for end-oflife products) and o...

The most important advantage of an economic order quantity (EOQ) system is its ability to handle the unexpected demand. A model for comparing the inventory costs of purchasing under the EOQ system and the just-in-time (JIT) order purchasing system in existing literature concluded that JIT purchasing was virtually always the preferable inventory ordering system. By expanding the classical EOQ mo...

Abstract --In this paper, we developed an EOQ model for Weibull deteriorating items with linear demand rate in fuzzy environment. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Holding cost, deterioration cost, ordering cost, shortage cost and opportunity cost are assumed as a triangular fuzzy numbers. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the total cost function in fuzzy environment. Grade...

It is hard to exaggerate the role of economic aggregators — functions that summarize numerous and / or heterogeneous data — in economic models since the early XX century. In many cases, as witnessed by the pioneering works of Cobb and Douglas, these functions were information quantities tailored to economic theories, i.e. they were built to fit economic phenomena. In this paper, we look at thes...

This note presents a simple, partial equilibrium model of the supply of offshore tax havens, when multinationals are capable of sheltering some of their worldwide income. It provides a few contrasting predictions to those in “Tax Competition with Parasitic Tax Havens” by Slemrod and Wilson. Slemrod and Wilson model tax sheltering as a production process which uses up scarce resources in the tax...

Motivated by a particular multinational cutting-tools manufacturer, we extend the traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) model for maintenance-repair-and-overhaul (MRO) customers under stochastic purchase price and use it to show how price variance leads to bullwhip effect for the MRO manufacturer despite constant consumption by the customer. Our extension of the EOQ model is based on two as...

In this article, we consider an infinite horizon, single product economic order quantity where demand and deterioration rate are continuous and differentiable function of price and time, respectively. In addition, we allow for shortages and completely backlogged. The objective is to find the optimal inventory and pricing strategies maximizing the net present value of total profit over the infin...