The purpose of the present study was to investigate the developmental programming part of the theory of biological sensitivity to context using family environmental factors and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Specifically, we investigated whether perceived parenting (Rejection and Emotional Warmth) and socio-economic status (SES) predicted basal cortisol levels and the co...

This study investigates the variations by older people’s socio-economic status (SES) (i.e. educational level and social class) in the use of informal and formal help from outside the household in Great Britain, Italy, Belgium and The Netherlands. In all these countries, it was older people in low SES groups who mostly used such help. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that, in each...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current and ideal body weight perceptions of schoolchildren in relation to their actual body weight and socio-economic status (SES). DESIGN Baseline evaluation of schoolchildren from January 2008 to April 2008 as part of a 3-year longitudinal study. SETTING City and non-city locations, Karnataka State, South India. SUBJECTS Schoolchildren (n 1877) aged between 8 ...

BACKGROUND We have recently reported that the attitude of patients toward risk could be a factor in the progression of diabetic complications. In general, risk preference is closely related to socioeconomic status (SES), which includes factors such as age, sex, income, and educational attainment. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of SES and behavioral propensity on the progress of di...

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a composite economic and sociological total measure that typically incorporates three indicators: economic status measured as an income, social status measured as an education and work status measured as an occupation. It is commonly believed that SES has a profound association with the health and especially that health outcomes improve as a socioeconomic position ...

The main aim of the study is to examine the changes in the strength of the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on reading achievement at the school, class and individual levels over the last decade in Sweden. This aim is pursued through comparisons between the IEA Reading Literacy Study 1991 (RL 1991) and the repetition of this study in the so called the 10-Year Trend Study (RL 2001). Three ...

AIM Given the enormous economic burden of diabetes in Nigeria and in sub-Saharan Africa, the study was designed to determine how different population groups cope with payment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 292 exit interviews were conducted with patients who attended the outpatient diabetic clinic in a specialist public health facility in southeast Nigeria...

Sleep is fundamental to health and well-being, yet relatively little research attention has been paid to sleep quality. This paper addresses how socio-economic circumstances and gender are associated with sleep problems. We examine (i) socio-economic status (SES) patterning of reported sleep problems, (ii) whether SES differences in sleep problems can be explained by socio-demographic character...

BACKGROUND Identification of non-modifiable correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth contributes to the development of effective targeted intervention strategies. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between family circumstances (e.g. socio-economic status, single vs. dual parent household, presence/absence of siblings) and leisure-time physical ...