As a service to the bridge design profession, Bethlehem Steel has conducted hundreds of studies of steel plate girder bridges using its Preliminary Bridge Girder Optimization Program. The program is unique because it optimizes plate girder designs on the basis of least cost, not least weight. An evaluation of many study results leads to a number of guidelines which are offered in this paper. Wh...

This thesis proposes architectures and algorithms for digital acquisition of parametric signals. It furthermore provides bounds for the performance of these systems in the presence of noise. Our simple acquisition circuitry and low sampling rate enable accurate parameter estimation to be achieved economically. In present practice, sampling and estimation are not integrated: the sampling device ...

the inventive step requirement which purportly secure the growth ofinnovation and resulting industrial and economic development, despite ofcontaining some benefits, always faced with the challenges that in somecases ,such challenges are in opposition with the bases of patents system andindicates that ,patents system do not beneficial always. analysis of saidchallenges studied upon the economica...

The growth of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) as the emerging choice for provisioning and managing core networks has placed significant emphasis on MPLS based recovery mechanisms. The present global protection frameworks require extensive involvement of Label Switching Routers (LSRs) in the protection framework. The LSRs are involved in failure propagation and maintenance of information r...