congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh) is a rare anomaly with a reported incidence of 1 in 16,000 populations. it may be associated with herniation of stomach, intestinal loops, spleen, and kidney through a chest wall defect. we report a case of a 1 year old male child who presented with recurrent fever, occasional chills and rigor of 4 months duration. left kidney was non visualised on ultrasou...

Pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID) is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, or the ovaries. Around 2% of women are affected. The main complication is the formation of a pyosalpinx (abscess) and ectopic pregnancy is 6 times more likely after a pelvic infection. Often there may be no symptoms. Signs and ...

Ectopic spleen is a rare entity. It is more common in children than in adults and it is about 15 times more common in females. Here we report a patient with an ectopic spleen who was referred for sonographic evaluation of an asymptomatic pelvic mass by a gynecologist. At sonography, a big homogenous mass located at the RLQ of the abdomen and the right pelvic cavity was detected. Further investi...

A pelvic kidney is the most common type of renal ectopia and occurs in 1 700 live births.1Caiulo V.A. Caiulo S. Gargasole C. et al.Ultrasound mass screening for congenital anomalies urinary tract.Pediatr Nephrol. 2012; 27: 949-953Crossref PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar Pelvic kidneys are usually smaller than expected gestational age have an aberrant blood supply. Most these malrotated on the...

mass is complex and includes functional cysts, benign and malignant ovarian tumors, paraovarian cysts, tuboovarian abscesses, hydrosalpinx, ectopic pregnancies, tubal malignancy, broad ligament fibroid, fimbrial cysts, sigmoid colon or colon distended with gasses or feces, pelvic kidney, and pregnancy in bicornuate uterus. These masses pose both a diagnostic and management dilemma. Ultrasonogra...

Background: IL-6 is a proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine to be very high in endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which are known risk factors for ectopic pregnancy(EP). The effects of IL-6 on target cells occur via the formation of a high-affinity complex with IL-6Ra that expressed in the cilia of the epithelial cells. In the present study,we compared expression of IL-6Ra i...

BACKGROUND Many countries have witnessed a disturbing increase in cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection despite enhanced control programs. Since the goal of Chlamydia control is to prevent reproductive complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy, an understanding of recent trends in these conditions is needed to fully evaluate the effect of control efforts. METH...