Organic osmolyte and halide permeability pathways activated in epithelial HeLa cells by cell swelling were studied by radiotracer efflux techniques and single-cell volume measurements. The replacement of extracellular Cl- by anions that are more permeant through the volume-activated Cl- channel, as indicated by electrophysiological measurements, significantly decreased taurine efflux. In the pr...

The effects of the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin (SAP) (0.0, 0.15, or 0.45 microg/microl; 0.5 microl/hemisphere) infused into the area of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) of rats were tested in a five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) designed to assess visual attention. The effects of this manipulation on acetylcholine efflux in the medial frontal cortex were determi...

Saltmarshes are important global carbon (C) sinks, but the considerable uncertainty in C budget and underlying mechanisms limit estimation of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG, e.g., CO2 CH4) context climate change. To ascertain mechanistic understanding, we assessed how crab burrows morphology effluxes changed response to interactions fiddler burrow density, soil organic matter content (high vs lo...

Tracer efflux studies were used to determine the effect of activation of protein kinase C on K channel function in rat brain synaptosomes. Hippocampal synaptosomes were treated with sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), a synthetic diacylglycerol (DG) analog that activates protein kinase C. DiC8 inhibited depolarization-induced 86Rb efflux through voltage-gated K channels but did not affect the com...

We measured soil surface CO2 efflux (Fs) in loblolly pine stands (Pinus taeda L.) located on the Virginia Piedmont (VA) and South Carolina Coastal Plain (SC) in efforts to assess the impact climate, productivity, and cultural practices have on Fs in the managed loblolly pine ecosystem. The effect of stand age on Fs was examined using a replicated chronosequence approach in which stands ranging ...

Replete ( 0 ) and vitamin D-deficient ( A ) cells were incubated at pH 7.4 and 37°C for thc indicated time intervals. Po is the P, concentration at the start of the incubation; P, is the measured concentration at t min. The results are the means ~ s . E . for three experiments performed in duplicate. medium containing EGTA ( I mM) but with no added C a 2 + . This efflux into Ca2+-free medium wa...

Cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a key process in reverse cholesterol transport and, therefore, might inhibit atherogenesis. 9-cis-β-carotene (9-cis-βc) is a precursor for 9-cis-retinoic-acid (9-cis-RA), which regulates macrophage cholesterol efflux. Our objective was to assess whether 9-cis-βc increases macrophage cholesterol efflux and induces the expression of cholesterol transporters....

A method has been developed which allows a length of electrically excitable squid axon to be internally dialyzed against a continuously flowing solution of defined composition. Tests showed that diffusional exchange of small molecules in the axoplasm surrounding the dialysis tube occurred with a half-time of 2-5 min, and that protein does not cross the wall of the dialysis tube. The composition...

Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) release in response to psychostimulants in the striatum cause a plastic change contributing to the development and expression of addiction. In this study, regulation of NO efflux evoked by acute cocaine in the dorsal striatum was investigated using real-time detection of NO in vivo. We found that acute systemic injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg) increased NO efflux...

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide variety of infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is one of most common causes of nosocomial and community acquired infections. The fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibiotics that used to treat infections caused by S. aureus. Today, a significant increase in the rate of ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus str...